Figure 5.7. Object circle with centre at the object point CA, βA)

From

‘ALGEBRA’ to ‘NUMBER THEORY’ to ‘GEOMETRY’ to ‘CALCULUS’: Recent Developments in Pure Mathematics at its Fundamental Level, Opening Scope for its Advanced Roles in Application Areas

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Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory. 2026, 14(1), 29-48 doi:10.12691/tjant-14-1-4