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1.
Descriptive Study of Diet and Food Security of Older Adults Across New York City Boroughs: Implications for Cognitive Decline
DJ Oberlin, Jacob M. Eubank, Hyangmi Kim, Kathleen Woolf, Lillie Monroe-Lord , Elgloria A Harrison, Collette Brown
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2024 12 (4). doi: 10.12691/ajphr-12-4-3
Keywords: Dietary Screening Tool, Nutrition, Health Equity, NYC, Dementia
Context: The aging of the American population is likely to lead to an increase in the incidence of cognitive decline and dementia. This health burden will not be evenly distributed, with Black and Hispanic individuals suffering disproportionately. Studies across diverse populations of aging adults are required to better understand the multitude of factors which influence risk for cognitive decline and dementia, including quality diet and food security. To this end, the current study sought to describe the population within New York City as it relates to socioeconomic factors, as well as dietary quality and food security. Thus, individuals from around the five boroughs of New York City were recruited to complete online questionnaires about their dietary habits, food security, as well as several demographic and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons were made among the city boroughs, as well as among ethnic groups, income levels, and educational achievement. Unsurprisingly, non-White individuals were more likely to report food insecurity. In addition, those with less educational achievement and those living in less economically advantaged boroughs reported lower quality diet compared to those with higher education and those living in more affluent boroughs. These findings suggest that non-White individuals, those with less educational achievement, and those residing in economically disadvantaged areas may have increased risk of not only cognitive decline but any other chronic diseases which relate to food security or diet quality. Further studies, which include cognitive assessments are needed to determine the impact of these or other risk factors on cognitive decline.
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2.
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Post-COVID-19 Dietary Changes: Analysis Across Income and Education Levels
Lillie Monroe-Lord , Azam Ardakani, Xuejing Duan, Elmira Asongwed, Tia Jeffery, Phronie Jackson
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2025 13 (4). doi: 10.12691/ajphr-13-4-2
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, dietary change, socioeconomic disparities, nutritional vulnerability, public health nutrition, income and education level
Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant shifts in dietary behaviors worldwide, influenced by socioeconomic factors such as income and education. This study examines the impact of these factors on dietary changes in urban middle-aged and older adults in the United States during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 10,050 participants aged 40–100 years who were stratified by income and education levels. Dietary habits were assessed using the 25-item Dietary Screening Tool (DST), with scores being calculated pre- and post-pandemic. Nutritional risk was evaluated based on the DST scores, and binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between socioeconomic factors and changes in food consumption. During the pandemic, lower-income individuals were more likely to reduce their consumption of nutrient-dense foods, including fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, while processed meat intake showed mixed trends across income levels. Interestingly, individuals with higher education levels demonstrated increased nutritional vulnerability, potentially due to stress-related changes and disrupted access to preferred foods. Educational level was a stronger predictor of nutritional risk than income level, with higher education being unexpectedly associated with greater vulnerability to dietary disruption. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions that address nutritional challenges across all socioeconomic levels during crises, rather than focusing solely on income or educational disparities. By improving food access, promoting affordable healthy options, and addressing stress-related eating, future policies can better support equitable dietary resilience. This study’s insights can inform strategies for mitigating nutritional risk and promoting dietary stability in future public health emergencies.
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