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1.
Bio-Control of Net-Blotch and Scald Pathogens of Barley Using Paenibacillus Polymyxa KAI245 Isolated from Sorghum Rhizosphere in Western Kenya
Kipkogei Chemitei, Makumba B. Amendi, Lizzy A. Mwamburi, Julius Onyango Ochuodho
American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2019 7 (1). doi: 10.12691/ajmr-7-1-5
Keywords: D. teres f. sp teres, R. commune, P. polymyxa KAI 245, net-form-net-blotch, scald, bio-control
Context: Net-blotch and scald are important foliar diseases of barley. In the present study, the biocontrol activity of Paenibacillus polymyxa KaI245 was evaluated against Drechsclera teres f. sp teres and Rhynchosporium commune causing net-form-net-blotch and scald respectively. In-vitro efficacy of the bacterial isolate entailed dual culture technique, use of cell-free supernatant and test for volatile-compounds-mediated inhibition. Greenhouse studies were further conducted to evaluate the efficacy of crude bacterial extracts against net-blotch pathogen in barley plants. In dual culture technique, the mycelial growth of D. teres f. sp teres was impeded by approximately 47.3% while there was no any observable effect in R. commune colonies. Food-poison technique was u sed to test the antifungal activity of cell-free supernatant. The cell free supernatant inhibited the growth of D. teres by approximately 24.1%. R. commune colonies were impeded by 52.9% via volatile organic compounds while D. teres f. sp teres remained unaffected. Greenhouse studies showed decreased disease incidence (50%) in the crude-extract-treated barley leaves inoculated with D. teres. In-vitro studies revealed that greater inhibition is imparted by live bacterial cells. The bacterium has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against the tested pathogens of barley. Use of bio-control agents to manage crop diseases is one of the alternatives set to replace chemical fungicides that are saddled with lots of negativity due to their hazardous environmental impact.
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2.
An Assessment of Cultivators' Perception about Climate Change and It's-induced Adaptation Practices in Agriculture of Cooch Behar Sadar Sub-division, West Bengal, India
Satyajit Das, Dr. Surjapada Paul
Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2021 9 (2). doi: 10.12691/aees-9-2-19
Keywords: cultivators' perception, climate change and variability, adaptation practices, KAI , conjoint analysis
Context: The Perception of climate change and its induced adaptation practices is very important in agricultural activity. This study was conducted at Cooch Behar Sadar sub-division in West Bengal, India, from May to December 2019. The objective was to find out the cultivators' perceptions about climate change and its adaptation practices and also analysis the preferences about Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA) practices in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. Mean score (MS), conjoint analysis, and Knowledge-adaptation index (KAI) were used to analysis the above mention objectives related to this study. The result shows that the adaptation practices such as high, moderate crop yield and climate resilience agricultural (CRA) practices had a positive utility, implying that these were the most preferred combination of CRA when responding to climate change. Contrary to this, high greenhouse gas emissions, low climate resilience, and low crop yield had a negative utility, implying that these were the least preferred combination. The majority of the respondent cultivators with marginal landholding were almost perceived by the phenomena of climate change. The study established that CRA practices were visible and effective response measures, to address the barriers of climatic variability and changes. So, it should be supported by the adoption of innovative technologies, policies, and strategies.
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