The Perception of climate change and its induced adaptation practices is very important in agricultural activity. This study was conducted at Cooch Behar Sadar sub-division in West Bengal, India, from May to December 2019. The objective was to find out the cultivators' perceptions about climate change and its adaptation practices and also analysis the preferences about Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA) practices in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. Mean score (MS), conjoint analysis, and Knowledge-adaptation index (KAI) were used to analysis the above mention objectives related to this study. The result shows that the adaptation practices such as high, moderate crop yield and climate resilience agricultural (CRA) practices had a positive utility, implying that these were the most preferred combination of CRA when responding to climate change. Contrary to this, high greenhouse gas emissions, low climate resilience, and low crop yield had a negative utility, implying that these were the least preferred combination. The majority of the respondent cultivators with marginal landholding were almost perceived by the phenomena of climate change. The study established that CRA practices were visible and effective response measures, to address the barriers of climatic variability and changes. So, it should be supported by the adoption of innovative technologies, policies, and strategies.
| [1] | Edenhofer, O. (Ed.). (2015). Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. |
| [2] | Dey, T., Pala, N., Shukla, G., Pal, P., Das, G. and Chakarvarty, S., 2017. Climate change perceptions and response strategies of forest fringe communities in Indian Eastern Himalaya. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(2), pp.925-938.View Article |
| [3] | Owusu, K., Obour, P. B., & Asare-Baffour, S. (2015). Climate Variability and Climate Change Impacts on Smallholder Farmers in the Akuapem North District, Ghana. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1791-1806.View Article |
| [4] | Kavi Kumar, K. S. (2010). Climate change and adaptation, Dissemination Paper-10. Center of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Madras School of Economics. |
| [5] | Wassie, A. and Pauline, N., 2018. Evaluating smallholder farmers’ preferences for climate smart agricultural practices in Tehuledere District, northeastern Ethiopia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 39(2), pp.300-316.View Article |
| [6] | Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2010) Climate Smart Agriculture: Policies, Practices and Financing for Food Security, Adaptation and Mitigation. FAO, Rome, Italy. |
| [7] | Verhagen J, Vellinga T, Neijenhuis F, Jarvis T, Jackson L, Caron P, Torquebiau E, Lipper L, Fernandes E, Entsua-Mensah REM, Vermeulen S. (2014). Climate-Smart Agriculture: Scientists' perspectives. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Copenhagen. |
| [8] | Tahiru, A., 2019. Smallholder Farmers' Susceptibility to Climate Change Variability: Assessing Adaptation Strategies and Impact on livelihoods. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 8(1), p.160.View Article |
| [9] | Ganguly, B. (2014). Impact of watershed development programme on rural livelihood in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. Pundibari, Cooch Behar, India. Unpubl. |
| [10] | Naess, L., 2012. The role of local knowledge in adaptation to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 4(2), pp.99-106.View Article |
| [11] | Chaudhary, P., & Bawa, K. S. (2011). Local perceptions of climate change validated by scientific evidence in the Himalayas. Biology Letters, 7(5), 767-770.View Article PubMed |
| [12] | Moore, W., 2004. A cross-validity comparison of rating-based and choice-based conjoint analysis models. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), pp.299-312.View Article |
| [13] | Aguilar, F., 2011. Conjoint analysis of industry location preferences: evidence from the softwood lumber industry in the US. Applied Economics, 43(24), pp.3265-3274.View Article |
| [14] | Kim, J., Park, K. and Rhim, H., 2014. Analysis of Product-Service Integration Effect using Choice-based Conjoint Analysis. Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society, 39(1), pp.101-112.View Article |
| [15] | Moore, W., 2004. A cross-validity comparison of rating-based and choice-based conjoint analysis models. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), pp.299-312.View Article |
| [16] | Sharma, E., Chettri, N., Tsering, K., Shrestha, A. B., Jing, F., Mool, P., et al. (2009). Climate change impacts and vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas. Kathmandu: ICIMOD. |
| [17] | Alemayehu, A. and Bewket, W., 2017. Smallholder farmers' coping and adaptation strategies to climate change and variability in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Local Environment, 22(7), pp.825-839.View Article |
| [18] | Galdies, C., Said, A., Camilleri, L. and Caruana, M., 2016. Climate change trends in Malta and related beliefs, concerns and attitudes toward adaptation among Gozitan farmers. European Journal of Agronomy, 74, pp.18-28.View Article |
| [19] | Bhattaraj, B., 2019. Local People's Perception on Climate Change, its Indicators and Adaptation Strategies in the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, 3(1).View Article |
| [20] | Wozniak, G. D. (1984). The Adoption of Interrelated Innovations: A Human Capital Approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 66(1), 70.View Article |
| [21] | Simbarashe, G. (2013). Climate Change, Variability and Sustainable Agriculture In Zimbabwes Rural Communities. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 14(2), 89-100.View Article |
| [22] | Adesina, A., 1995. Farmers' perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: evidence from analysis in Burkina Faso and Guinea, West Africa. Agricultural Economics, 13(1), pp.1-9.View Article |
| [23] | Chhetri, N., Chaudhary, P., Tiwari, P. and Yadaw, R., 2012. Institutional and technological innovation: Understanding agricultural adaptation to climate change in Nepal. Applied Geography, 33, pp.142-150.View Article |
| [24] | Prasain, S., 2018. Climate change adaptation measure on agricultural communities of Dhye in Upper Mustang, Nepal. Climatic Change, 148(1-2), pp.279-291.View Article |
| [25] | Bryan, E., Deressa, T., Gbetibouo, G. and Ringler, C., 2009. Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Environmental Science & Policy, 12(4), pp.413-426.View Article |
| [26] | Eriksen, S., Aldunce, P., Bahinipati, C. S., Martins, R. D., Molefe, J. I., Nhemachena, C. Ulsrud, K. (2011). When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles for sustainable adaptation. Climate and Development, 3(1), 7-20.View Article |
| [27] | Hasegawa, T. and Matsuoka, Y., 2013. Climate change mitigation strategies in agriculture and land use in Indonesia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 20(3), pp.409-424.View Article |
| [28] | Jilani, T., Hasegawa, T. and Matsuoka, Y., 2014. The future role of agriculture and land use change for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 20(8), pp.1289-1304.View Article |
| [29] | Wouterse, F., 2017. Empowerment, climate change adaptation, and agricultural production: evidence from Niger. Climatic Change, 145(3-4), pp.367-382.View Article |
| [30] | Rao VR (2013) The Theory and Design of Conjoint Studies (Rating Based Methods): Applied Conjoint Analysis. Springer, Verlog, Berlin, Heidelberg.View Article |
| [31] | Ghosh, M., 2019. Climate-smart Agriculture, Productivity and Food Security in India. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 4(2), pp.166-187.View Article |
| [32] | Ringler C, Zhu T, Cai X, Koo J, Wang D (2011) Climate Change Impacts on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Insights from Comprehensive Climate Change Modeling. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC. |
| [33] | Madhanagopal, D. and Pattanaik, S., 2019. Exploring fishermen's local knowledge and perceptions in the face of climate change: the case of coastal Tamil Nadu, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(4), pp.3461-3489.View Article |
| [34] | Manish, K., Telwala, Y., Nautiyal, D. and Pandit, M., 2016. Modeling the impacts of future climate change on plant communities in the Himalaya: a case study from Eastern Himalaya, India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2(2).View Article |
