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1.
A Quantum Scalar-Vector-Spinor Model as Vortex-Field Theory for Approaching Physical Unification without Dark Sectors
Fred Y. Ye
International Journal of Physics. 2020 8 (2). doi: 10.12691/ijp-8-2-3
Keywords: standard model, quantum SVS model, vortex-field theory,cosmological constant, dark matter, Dark Energy , physical unification
Context: The basic mathematical cliffs (scalar, vector, spinor) and the basic physical measures (mass-energy, wave-momentum, spin-information) are applied as logic foundations and linked as basic equations. While the local scalar-vector-spinor relations among mathematical cliffs and physical measures described electroweak and strong interactions, the global mathematical-physical equations interpreted gravity and repulsion, where a quantum scalar-vector-spinor (SVS) model approaches physical unification without dark sectors. Locally, Maxwell equations and Yang-Mills Fields are naturally included. Globally, Einstein-Friedmann equations characterize the total distribution of energy-momentum in space-time. A modified gravity explains ‘dark matter’ and a scalar energy with phase transitions produces ‘dark energy’. It is suggested to maintain three core principles as fundamental principles in physics, i.e. the action principle (Hamilton principle) which determines the dynamic mechanism of physical processes, the duality principle (Heisenberg principle) which produces quantum effects, and the equivalence principle (Einstein principle) which explains universal equilibrium. The verifications and developments are discussed, where three kinds of Higgs are expected, with predicting heavier Higgs around 17.58TeV and lighter Higgs around 233.7MeV, and the cosmological constant problem is naturally solved. While Newton and Einstein theories are included, the vortex-field theory balances mathematical structure and physical essence with combining micro-world and macro-universe as well.
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2.
Dark Energy, Exponential Expansion, CMB, Wave/Particle Duality All Result from Lorentz-Covariance of Boltzmann’s Transport Equation
Arne Bergstrom
International Journal of Physics. 2014 2 (4). doi: 10.12691/ijp-2-4-4
Keywords: boltzmann’s transport equation, cosmological expansion, Dark Energy /dark matter, wave/particle duality
Context: The Boltzmann transport equation is the rigorous continuity equation for the angular flux f(r, t, v) of photons at positions r, time t, moving in direction v, and interacting with a surrounding medium by localized collisions. This equation is not necessarily Lorentz-covariant, but can be specialized to a Lorentz-covariant equation describing the propagation of a photon distribution through space. However, this requirement of Lorentz-covariance of the Boltzmann transport equation then leads to a wave-particle duality, in which an ensemble of photons behave as waves, but in which each individual photon interferes only with itself. Applied on cosmological scales, this requirement of Lorentz-covariance of the Boltzmann transport equation also leads to an apparent quantum multiplication, which could explain the existence of the huge amounts of the mysterious “dark energy” that appears to permeate the universe. In addition, it also requires the universe to appear subjected to an exponential expansion as observed, similar to a perspective distortion in time, and then also as a consequence to appear surrounded by a cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) with an exact Planck spectrum, as observed.
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