Figure 3. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of self-reported sexual well-being outcomes during use of the investigational product or placebo. Treatment differences were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, with treatment, intervention period, assessment time, treatment sequence, age, and the treatment-by-time interaction included as fixed effects, and participant included as a random intercept to account for within-participant correlation. Data are presented as individual observations, mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) (diamond and error bars), and estimated least-squares (LS) mean with 95% confidence interval (horizontal line and box). Statistical significance for the investigational product versus placebo is based on Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-values and is indicated as: * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01

From

Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement on Sexual Well-Being in Healthy Men: A Retrospective Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Product-Monitoring Study

Xuan Li, Kazuya Watabe, Maya Sakashita, Aoi Tamura, Wako Ikeda, Saki Shirako, Kenji Sato, Young-il Kim

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2026, 14(9), 185-194 doi:10.12691/jfnr-14-9-1