Table 2c. Serum levels of total thiols, glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the different groups. Compared to the untreated control rats, the cadmium-exposed rats exhibited significantly decreased levels of total thiols, GSH, catalase, and TAC. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly increased in cadmium-exposed rats compared to the untreated control rats. Lutein-treated rats showed no significant differences in the measured biochemical parameters compared to the untreated control rats. In the rats exposed to cadmium and treated with lutein, the biochemical parameters showed improvements toward the control levels and were significantly different compared to those of the cadmium-exposed rats

From

The Antioxidant Properties of Lutein Efficiently Mitigate the Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress through Restoring the Oxidant: Antioxidant Balance and Enhancing the Total Antioxidative Capacity in Wistar Rats

Mohammed Mubarak, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Hassan Rudayni, Eman AlmuqriShaikha A. Albatli, Saad Alkahtani, Fahd A. Nasr, Amin A. Al-Doaiss, Mohammed S. Al-eissa

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025, 13(3), 163-171 doi:10.12691/jfnr-13-3-6