Figure 3. Application of the MNDWI Index to Landsat and Sentinel images from 1994 (a), 2004 (b), 2014 (c), and 2024 (d)Following the calculation of the MNDWI index, the Cavally River was extracted for the years 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024 (). As shown in this figure, the river is divided into three (3) reaches based on the types of adjacent land use activities. The first reach is influenced by artisanal mining activities, while the second is affected by industrial gold extraction operations carried out by the Ity Mining Company (Société des Mines d’Ity – SMI). The most notable morphological changes occur within Reach 2 between 2014 and 2024. A total of three meanders have disappeared, transforming this previously meandering section into a sinuous reach. : Impacts of Gold Mining Activities on the Morphological Quality Dynamics of the Cavally River (Côte d’Ivoire) : Science and Education Publishing

Figure 3. Application of the MNDWI Index to Landsat and Sentinel images from 1994 (a), 2004 (b), 2014 (c), and 2024 (d)Following the calculation of the MNDWI index, the Cavally River was extracted for the years 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024 (). As shown in this figure, the river is divided into three (3) reaches based on the types of adjacent land use activities. The first reach is influenced by artisanal mining activities, while the second is affected by industrial gold extraction operations carried out by the Ity Mining Company (Société des Mines d’Ity – SMI). The most notable morphological changes occur within Reach 2 between 2014 and 2024. A total of three meanders have disappeared, transforming this previously meandering section into a sinuous reach.

American Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. 2025, 8(1), 20-29 doi:10.12691/ajmm-8-1-3