Figure 8. (a) The orthogonal KLMN had an elliptic crack such that the lowest end of the bix axis 0 belonged to NM side. (b) The crack fastly grows at the upper end of the big axis of the ellipse and paralelly directs to the compressive load σzz [31,33,34,35,36]. The elliptic crack vanishes and the propagation of the crack in that area due to the union of invissible microcracks [39]

From

Does Temperature Effects the Growth of Cracks in a Submarine Volcano That is under a Hot-spot?

M. Tsili, D. Zacharopoulos

American Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017, 5(2), 58-63 doi:10.12691/ajme-5-2-4