Figure 11. An approximated 2D view of the erupted submarine volcano. The pipe duke RT length h2 has been filled up with ocean water, while the angle ω is such that 0< ω≤ 90°. The length of the pipe duke is h2sinω

From

Does Temperature Effects the Growth of Cracks in a Submarine Volcano That is under a Hot-spot?

M. Tsili, D. Zacharopoulos

American Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017, 5(2), 58-63 doi:10.12691/ajme-5-2-4