Figure 4. CV of vanadium (III) (left) and vanadium (IV) on graphite (right). The absence of the anodic (Figure 4, left) and cathodic current peak (Figure 4, right) indicates that the reduction V(III) → V(II) and the oxidation V(IV) → V(V) are irreversible on graphite. Scan rate 50 mV/s

From

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Different Electrodes and Membranes

A. Habekost

World Journal of Chemical Education. 2018, 6(1), 8-13 doi:10.12691/wjce-6-1-2