Figures index

From

Demonstrating Sustainable Biomass Utilization and Processing Using Ionic Liquids – An Introduction to Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratories

Daniel Rauber, Michael Conrad, Johannes Huwer, Harald Natter, Rolf Hempelmann

World Journal of Chemical Education. 2017, 5(5), 158-163 doi:10.12691/wjce-5-5-3
  • Figure 1. Localization and representative molecular structure of lignin and cellulose in wooden plants that are used in the experiments along with three monolignols that form the heterogeneous lignin structure
  • Figure 2. a) Molecular structures of the two ILs used for biopolymer treatment. b) Prepared solutions 1-5 of the dissolved biopolymers in the ionic liquids. c) Spinning of the solutions 1-3 by injection of the hot biopolymer solutions via syringe into distilled water. d) Obtained fibers after removing the IL dissolved in water. e) Obtained foils of the biopolymers after drying
  • Figure 3. a) Photograph of the initial lignin powder and the obtained lignin based polymers I-III. b) Schematic reaction mechanism for the formation of the three lignin-based polymers via poly-condensation (Polymer I) or poly-addition (polymer II and III)