Figure 3. a) Photograph of the initial lignin powder and the obtained lignin based polymers I-III. b) Schematic reaction mechanism for the formation of the three lignin-based polymers via poly-condensation (Polymer I) or poly-addition (polymer II and III)

From

Demonstrating Sustainable Biomass Utilization and Processing Using Ionic Liquids – An Introduction to Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratories

Daniel Rauber, Michael Conrad, Johannes Huwer, Harald Natter, Rolf Hempelmann

World Journal of Chemical Education. 2017, 5(5), 158-163 doi:10.12691/wjce-5-5-3