Figure 4. Cation transport out of or into a cell, facilitated by an ionophore molecule (e.g. valinomycin)

From

Mimicking Nature – Imitating Ion Carriers Using Crown Ethers in a Vertical Pressman Cell

Philipp Meyer, Stefan Kubik, Amitabh Banerji

World Journal of Chemical Education. 2026, 14(1), 18-25 doi:10.12691/wjce-14-1-3