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Approaching Tandem Solar Cells in Chemistry Classes

Philipp Lanfermann, Thomas Waitz, Mona Christin Maaß

World Journal of Chemical Education. 2023, 11(3), 60-64 doi:10.12691/wjce-11-3-7
  • Figure 1. a Working principle of silicon solar cells [9], b schematic drawing of plot of sunlight energy per time, surface area and wavelength over wavelength: the grey area represents the incoming sunlight energy per time and surface area and the blue area the energy per time and surface area that can be converted by silicon solar cell [10].
  • Figure 2. a Perovskite crystal structure ABX3: Element A in dark grey, B in black and X in light grey (cubic structure is shown, but can also be tetragonal and orthorhombic), b Working principle of perovskite solar cells: (i) Formation of excitons after light absorption by the perovskite layer (green), (ii) diffusion of charge carriers, (iii) transport of electrons and holes to the electrodes (black) by electron transport layer (pink) and by hole transport layer (red), respectively [13].
  • Figure 3. a Working principle of tandem solar cells, b Schematic drawing of plot of sunlight energy per time, surface area and wavelength over wavelength: the grey area represents the incoming sunlight energy per time and surface area, the green area the energy per time and surface area that is converted by perovskite solar cell and the blue area the one that is harvested by silicon solar cell, c Band structure with valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) of perovskite (green) and silicon (blue): UV and visible light energy are higher than the band gap energy of perovskite, whereas IR light energy is not, but it is higher than the band gap energy of silicon [10,14].
  • Figure 4. a Self-built spin coater, b Fixed sheet covered with perovskite solution before spin coating, c Titanium sheet with oxide layer covered with heat-resistant adhesive tape, d Sheet after heating, e Sheet covered with carbon powder, f Finished perovskite solar cell.
  • Figure 5. Experimental setup for the comparison between silicon and perovskite solar cells.