Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces
1Department of Mathematics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Abstract | |
1. | Introduction |
2. | Preliminaries |
3. | Main Results |
4. | Integral Type Contraction for Expansive Mappings |
5. | Example |
References |
Abstract
In this paper we prove some fixed point theorems for contractive as well as for expansive mappings in G-metric space by using integral type contraction. Finally, we present an example.
Keywords: G-metric space, fixed point, integral type contractive mapping, expansive mapping
Received October 08, 2016; Revised January 05, 2017; Accepted February 11, 2017
Copyright © 2017 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved.Cite this article:
- Rahim Shah, Akbar Zada. Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces. Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory. Vol. 5, No. 2, 2017, pp 57-62. https://pubs.sciepub.com/tjant/5/2/3
- Shah, Rahim, and Akbar Zada. "Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces." Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 5.2 (2017): 57-62.
- Shah, R. , & Zada, A. (2017). Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces. Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, 5(2), 57-62.
- Shah, Rahim, and Akbar Zada. "Fixed Point Theorems for Expansive Mappings in G-metric Spaces." Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 5, no. 2 (2017): 57-62.
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1. Introduction
In 2006, Mustafa and Sims [10], introduced the concept of G-metric spaces and presented some fixed point theorems in G-metric spaces. Mehdi et al. [9] gave new approach to G-metric spaces and proved some fixed point theorems in G-metric spaces. Further we note that many researchers have studied G-metric spaces see, [1-21][1]. Moreover, In 2002, A. Branciari [8] introduced the concept of integral type contractive mappings in complete metric spaces and study the existence of fixed points for mappings which is defined on complete metric space satisfies integral type contraction. Recently A. Zada et al. [22], presented the concept of integral type contraction with respect to G-metric spaces and proved some coupled coincidence fixed point results for two pairs in such spaces, by using the notion of integral type contractive mappings given by A. Branciari [8]. In section 3, we presented some fixed point theorems of integral type contractive mapping in setting of G-metric spaces. Moreover in section 4, we proved some fixed point theorems of integral type contraction for expansive mapping. Also we give suitable example that support our main results.
2. Preliminaries
Consistent with Mustafa & Sims [10] and Branciari [8]. The following definitions and results will be needed in this paper.
Definition 2.1 [10] Let Y be a non-empty set and is a function that satisfies the following conditions:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) symmetry in all three variables,
(5) (rectangle inequality) for all
Then the function G is called a generalized metric and the pair (Y,G) is called a G-metric space.
Example 2.2 [10] Let Define G on
by
![]() |
and extend G to by using the symmetry in the variables. Then it is clear that
is a G-metric space.
Definition 2.3 [10] Let be a G-metric space and
a sequence of points of
A point
is said to be the limit of the sequence
if
and we say that the sequence
is G-convergent to a.
Proposition 2.4 [10] Let be a G-metric space. Then the following are equivalent:
(1) is G-convergent to a.
(2) as
(3) as
(2) as
Definition 2.5 [10] Let be a G-metric space. A sequence
is called G-Cauchy if for every
there is
such that
for all
that is
as
Proposition 2.6 [10] Let be a G-metric space. Then the following are equivalent:
(1) The sequence is G-Cauchy.
(2) For every there is
such that
for all
Definition 2.7 [10] A G-metric space is called G-complete if every G-Cauchy sequence in
is G-convergent in
Lemma 2.8 [11] By the rectangle inequality (5) together with the symmetry (4), we have
![]() |
In 2002, Branciari in [8] introduced a general contractive condition of integral type as follows.
Theorem 2.9 [8] Let be a complete metric space,
and
is a mapping such that for all
![]() |
where is nonnegative and Lebesgue-integrable mapping which is summable (i.e., with finite integral) on each compact subset of
such that for each
then f has a unique fixed point
such that for each
Lemma 2.10 By rectangle inequality (5) together with the symmetry (4) of definition 2.1, we have
![]() |
In this paper by using the notion of integral type given by Branciari in [8], we presented some fixed point theorems in G-metric space.
3. Main Results
In this section, we prove some fixed point theorems in generalize metric space by using integral type contractive mappings. Our first main result is follow as,
Theorem 3.1 Let be a G-metric space. Suppose
be a mapping satisfy the following condition for all
![]() | (3.1) |
where and
is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each
Then H has a unique fixed point in Y.
Proof. Choose and define
by
Notice that if
for some
then obviously
has a fixed point. Thus, we suppose that
![]() |
that is, we have
![]() |
continuing this process, we get
![]() |
Moreover, for all
we have
![]() |
So,
![]() |
Thus
![]() |
This means that is G-Cauchy sequence. Due to completeness of
there exists
such that an is convergent to
Suppose that then
![]() |
Taking limit as and using the fact that function
is continuous, then
![]() |
This contradiction implies that
For uniqueness, let such that
and use Lemma 2.10, then
![]() |
which implies that l = p. The proof is completed.
Corollary 3.2 Let be a G-metric space. Suppose
be a mapping satisfy the following condition for all
![]() |
where and
is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each
Then
has a unique fixed point in
Theorem 3.3 Let be a complete G-metric space. Suppose
be a mapping satisfy the following condition for all
where
![]() |
And is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each
Then
has a unique fixed point in
Proof. Choose We construct sequence in the following way:
![]() |
Notice that if for some
then obviously
has a fixed point. Thus, we suppose that
![]() |
That is, we have
![]() |
From above condition, with and
we have
![]() |
implies that
![]() |
So,
![]() |
where Then
![]() |
for all From definition of G-metric space, we know that
![]() |
with also by Lemma 2.10, we know that
![]() |
Then by above inequality, we have
![]() |
Moreover, for all
we have
![]() |
So,
![]() |
Thus
![]() |
This means that is G-Cauchy sequence. Due to completeness of
, there exists
such that
is convergent to
From the above condition of theorem, with
and
we have
![]() |
Then
![]() |
Taking limit as of above inequality, we have
![]() |
Now, if then H has a fixed point. Hence, we suppose that
Therefore, by definition of G-metric space, we get
![]() |
which implies that
![]() |
i.e., The proof is completed.
4. Integral Type Contraction for Expansive Mappings
In this section of our paper, we prove some fixed point theorems for expansive mapping of integral type contraction in G-metric spaces.
Theorem 4.1 Let be a complete G-metric space. Suppose
be an onto mapping satisfy the following condition for all
where
holds
![]() |
And is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each
Then H has a unique fixed point in Y.
Proof. Choose as H is onto map, then there exists
such that
If we continue this process, we can get
for all
In case
for some
then clearly
is a fixed point of
Next, we suppose that
for all n. From above condition of this result, with
and
we have
![]() |
which implies that
![]() |
where Then we have
![]() |
By Lemma (2.10), we get
![]() |
If we follow the lines of the proof of result 3.1, we derive that is a G-Cauchy sequence. Since
is complete, there exists
such that
as
Consequently, since
is onto, so there exists
such that
From above condition of this theorem, with
and
we have
![]() |
Taking limit as in above inequality, we get
![]() |
That is, Then
For uniqueness, let such that
and
By above condition of result, we get
![]() |
which arise contradiction, Hence r = s. The proof is completed.
Theorem 4.2 Let be a complete G-metric space. Suppose
be an onto mapping satisfy the following condition for all
where
![]() | (4.1) |
And is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each
Then H has a unique fixed point in Y.
Proof. Choose as
is onto map, then there exists
such that
If we continue this process, we can get
for all
In case
for some
then clearly
is a fixed point of
Next, we suppose that
for all n. From (4.1), with
and
we have
![]() |
implies that
![]() |
and so,
![]() |
where By the proof of Theorem 3.1, we can show that
is a G-Cauchy sequence. Since
is complete, it exists
such that
as
Consequently, since
is onto, so there exists
such that
From 4.1, with
and
we have
![]() |
On taking limit in above inequality, we have
That is,
For uniqueness, let
such that
and
Now, by using condition 4.1, we have
![]() |
which is contradiction. Hence . The proof is completed.
5. Example
In this section, we present an example, which indicates that how our results can be applied to different problems.
Example 5.1 Let and
![]() |
be a G-metric space on Y. Define by
Then the condition of Theorem 3.1 holds. In fact,
![]() |
and
![]() |
and so,
![]() |
That is, condition of Theorem 3.1 holds with
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