On k-Quasi Class Q* Operators
Valdete Rexhëbeqaj Hamiti1,
, Shqipe Lohaj1, Qefsere Gjonbalaj1
1Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosova
| Abstract | |
| 1. | Introduction |
| 2. | Main Results |
| 3. | Conclusion |
| References |
Abstract
Let T be a bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space H. In this paper we introduce a new class of operators: k-quasi class Q* operators. An operator T is said to be k-quasi class Q* if it satisfies
for all x∈H, where k is a natural number. We prove the basic properties of this class of operators.
Keywords: k-quasi class Q*, quasi class Q*, k-quasi -*- paranormal operators, quasi -*- paranormal operators
Received June 21, 2016; Revised August 21, 2016; Accepted August 29, 2016
Copyright © 2016 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved.Cite this article:
- Valdete Rexhëbeqaj Hamiti, Shqipe Lohaj, Qefsere Gjonbalaj. On k-Quasi Class Q* Operators. Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2016, pp 87-91. http://pubs.sciepub.com/tjant/4/4/1
- Hamiti, Valdete Rexhëbeqaj, Shqipe Lohaj, and Qefsere Gjonbalaj. "On k-Quasi Class Q* Operators." Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 4.4 (2016): 87-91.
- Hamiti, V. R. , Lohaj, S. , & Gjonbalaj, Q. (2016). On k-Quasi Class Q* Operators. Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, 4(4), 87-91.
- Hamiti, Valdete Rexhëbeqaj, Shqipe Lohaj, and Qefsere Gjonbalaj. "On k-Quasi Class Q* Operators." Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 4, no. 4 (2016): 87-91.
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1. Introduction
Throughout this paper, let
be a complex Hilbert space with inner product
. Let
denote the
algebra of all bounded operators on
. For
, we denote by
the null space, by
the range of
and by
the spectrum of
. The null operator and the identity on
will be denoted by
and
, respectively. If
is an operator, then
is its adjoint, and
. For an operator
, as usual
.
We shall denote the set of all complex numbers by
, the set of all non-negative integers by
and the complex conjugate of a complex number
by
. The closure of a set
will be denoted by
. An operator
is a positive operator,
, if
for all
. We write
for the spectral radius. It is well known that
. The operator
is called normaloid if
. The operator
is an isometry if
, for all
. The operator
is called unitary operator if
.
An operator
, is said to be paranormal [4], if
for any unit vector
in
. Further,
is said to be
paranormal [1, 9], if
for any unit vector
in
. An operator
, is said to be quasi
paranormal operator if
, for all
.
Mecheri [7] introduced a new class of operators called
quasi paranormal operators. An operator
is called
quasi
paranormal if
, for all
, where
is a natural number. An operator
is called quasi
paranormal [8, 11], if
, for all
.
An operator
is called
quasi
paranormal if
for all
, where
is a natural number, [6].
Shen, Zuo and Yang [13] introduced a new class of operator quasi
class
. An operator
is said to be a quasi
class
, if
.
Mecheri [12] introduced
quasi
class
operator. An operator
is said to be a
quasi
class
, if
.
Duggal, Kubrusly, Levan [3] introduced a new class of operators, the class
. An operator
belongs to class
if
, or equivalent
, for all
.
Senthilkumar, Prasad [10] introduced a new class of operators, the class
. An operator
belongs to class
if
, or equivalent
for all
.
Senthilkumar, Naik and Kiruthika [2] introduced a new class of operators, the quasi class
. An operator
is said to belong to the quasi class
if
, or equivalent
for all
.
Now we introduce the class of
quasi class
operators defined as follows:
Definition 1.1. An operator
is said to be of the
quasi class
if
![]() |
for all
, where
is a natural number.
Remark 1.2. For
, a
quasi class
operators is a quasi class
operators.
2. Main Results
Proposition 2.1. An operator
is of the
quasi class
, if and only if
![]() |
where
is a natural number.
Proof: Since
is operator of the
quasi class
, then
![]() |
for all
, where
is a natural number.
![]() |
for all
, where
is a natural number.
The last relation is equivalent to
![]() |
From the definition of the class
operators, quasi class
operators and the proposition 2.1 we see that every operator of the class
and every operator of the quasi class
is also an operator of the
quasi class
. Thus, we have the following implication:
![]() |
Corollary 2.2. A weighted shift operator
with decreasing weighted sequence
is an operator of the
quasi class
if and only if
![]() |
for all
.
Proof: Since
is a weighted shift operator, its adjoint
is also a wighted shift operator, then:
![]() |
Since,
is an operator of the
quasi class
then after some calculations we have:
![]() |
Now we will give an example of
quasi class
operator which is not
quasi class
operator.
Example 2.3. Consider the operator
in
defined by
, where
![]() |
Then
is an operator of the
quasi class
but this operator is not
quasi class
.
Given:
![]() |
Now from the proposition 2.1 and corollary 2.2, for
quasi class
operator we have:
![]() |
But for
quasi class
operator we have:
![]() |
In the following we prove that if
is an operator of the
quasi class
and if the range of
is dense, then
is an operator of the class
.
Proposition 2.4. Let
be an operator of the
quasi class
. If
has dense range, then
is an operator of the class
.
Proof: Since
has dense range, then
Let be
. Then there exist a sequence
in
such that
Since
is an operator of the
quasi class
, then:
![]() |
By the continuity of the inner product, we have
![]() |
So,
![]() |
Therefore
is an operator of the class
.
In the following we give the relations between
quasi class
and
quasi
paranormal operators.
Hoxha and Braha [[6], Proposition 2.1] prove that an operator
is of the
quasi
paranormal if and only if
for all 
From this we have that every
quasi
paranormal is operator of the
quasi class
. Also, every quasi
paranormal is operator of the quasi class
.
Proposition 2.5. Let
. If
is an operator of the
quasi class
, then
is a
quasi
paranormal operator for all
.
Proof: Let
be an operator of
quasi class
, for all
, then:
![]() |
By this it is proved that the
is
quasi
paranormal operator.
Remark 2.6. If
is an operator of the quasi class
, then
is a quasi
paranormal operator for all
.
Proposition 2.7. If
is an operator of the
quasi class
and
is an isometry, then
is
quasi
paranormal operator.
Proof: Let
be an operator of the
quasi class
, then:
![]() |
Since operator
is an isometry, then
for all
.
Then,
![]() |
so we have,
![]() |
So,
is
quasi
paranormal operator.
In the following we give the relation between
quasi class
and
quasi
class
operators.
Proposition 2.8. If
belongs to the
quasi
class
, for
a natural number, then
is an operator of
quasi class
.
Proof: Since
belongs to
quasi
class
operators, we have:
![]() |
where
is a natural number.
Let
. Then,
![]() |
Therefore,
![]() |
Hence,
is an operator of the
quasi class
.
Remark 2.9. If
belongs to the quasi
class
, then
is an operator of quasi class
.
In following we give an example of operator
which is operator of the quasi class
, but not quasi
class
.
Example 2.10. Let
, where
. Given positive operators
,
, define the operator
on
as follows:
![]() |
The operator
is quasi
class
if and only if
.
Let
and
be operator as
![]() |
Then,
![]() |
Hence
is not quasi
class
.
Then a computation shows that the operator
is quasi class
if and only if
![]() |
So,
![]() |
Therefore
is operator of the quasi class
.
Proposition 2.11. Let
If
then
is operator of the
quasi class
.
Proof: From
we have 
Then,
![]() |
so
is operator of the
quasi class
.
Proposition 2.12. If
is an operator of the
quasi class
and if
commutes with an isometric operator
, then
is an operator of the
quasi class
.
Proof: Let
. Then
![]() |
Hence
is an operator of the
quasi class
.
Proposition 2.13. Let
be an operator of the
quasi class
and if
is unitarily equivalent to operator
, then
is an operator of the
quasi class
.
Proof: Since
is unitarily equivalent to operator
, there is an unitary operator
such that
.
Since
is an operator of the
quasi class
, then
![]() |
Hence,
![]() |
so,
is an operator of the
quasi class
.
Proposition 2.14. Let
be a closed
invariant subset of
. Then, the restriction
of a
quasi class
operator
to
is a
quasi class
operator.
Proof: Let be
. Then
![]() |
This implies that
is an operator of
quasi class
.
Proposition 2.15. Let
be a
quasi class
operator, the range of
not to be dense, and
![]() |
Then,
is an operator of the class
on
and
.
Proof: Suppose that
is an operator of
quasi class
. Since
does not have dense range, we can represent
as the upper triangular matrix:
![]() |
Since
is an operator of
quasi class
, we have
![]() |
Therefore
![]() |
for all
.
Hence
![]() |
This shows that
is an operator of the class
on
.
Let
be the orthogonal projection of
onto
.
For any
![]() |
We have
![]() |
Thus
.
Since,
![]() |
where
is the union of the holes in
, which happen to be a subset of
by [[5], Corollary 7].
Since,
have no interior points, then
and
.
3. Conclusion
In this paper we introduce a new class of operators:
quasi class
operators. It is proved that the following impication is true
![]() |
With example it is shown that, exist a
quasi class
operator which is not
quasi class
(Example 2.3). Further, it is proved that if
is an operator of the
quasi class
and if the range of
is dense, then
is an operator of the class
(Proposition 2.4).
It is shown the relation between
quasi class
and
quasi
paranormal operators (Proposition 2.5, Remark 2.6 and Proposition 2.7). Also it is shown the relation between
quasi class
and
quasi
class
operators (Proposition 2.8, Remark 2.9 and Example 2.10).
Finally is proved that every operator which satisfy the condition
is operator of the
quasi class
(Proposition 2.11).
References
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In article | |||
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In article | |||
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In article
2 upper triangular operator matrices,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 128(2000), 119-123.
,” Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, Nov., Vol. 26(2010), no.11, pp. 2109-2116.
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