Figures index

From

Standardized Ethanolic Extracts of Boswellia serrata Ameliorate Symptoms of Osteoarthritis by Direct Effects on Chondrocytes

Jihee Lee, Inae Jeong, Gwang-Woo Kim, Taesang Son, Yujeong Kim, Woojin Jun, Jeongjin Park, Ok-Kyung Kim

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2021, 9(12), 614-625 doi:10.12691/jfnr-9-12-1
  • Figure 1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and acetyl CH₃CO acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) levels in FJH-BS
  • Figure 2. The effect of FJH-BS on rear left propel (A), rear right propel (B), rear left pressure (C), rear right pressure (D), and running speed (E) of rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis on using the treadmill. Normal Control: AIN93G diet; Control: AIN93G diet + MIA injected group; MSM (positive control): AIN93G diet + MIA injected group supplemented with MSM 150 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS Low: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 80 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS High: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 125 mg/kg b.w. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=8). Different letters (a > b > c > d) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 3. The effect of FJH-BS on morphological change (A), apparent BMD (B), material BMD (C), trabecular separation (D), trabecular thickness (E), trabecular number (F), and bone volume/total tissue volume (G) of rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis using micro-CT. Normal Control: AIN93G diet; Control: AIN93G diet + MIA injected group; MSM (positive control): AIN93G diet + MIA injected group supplemented with MSM 150 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS Low: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 80 mg/kg b.w.; and FJH-BS High: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 125 mg/kg b.w. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=8). Different letters (a > b > c > d) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test.
  • Figure 4. The effect of FJH-BS on histological change (A) and Mankin’s score (B) in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis. Normal Control: AIN93G diet; Control: AIN93G diet + MIA injected group; MSM (positive control): AIN93G diet + MIA injected group supplemented with MSM 150 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS Low: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 80 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS High: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 125 mg/kg b.w. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=8). Different letters (a > b > c > d) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 5. The effect of FJH-BS on the mRNA expression of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNF-α (C), aggrecan (D), collagen type I (E), collagen type II (F), TIMP-1 (G), TIMP-2 (H), TIMP-3 (I), MMP-3 (J), MMP-7 (K), and MMP-13 (L) in the articular cartilage from rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis using RT-PCR. Normal Control: AIN93G diet; Control: AIN93G diet + MIA injected group; MSM (positive control): AIN93G diet + MIA injected group supplemented with MSM 150 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS Low: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 80 mg/kg b.w.; and FJH-BS High: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 125 mg/kg b.w. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=8). Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 6. The effect of FJH-BS on serum C-reactive protein (CRP; A) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP; B) levels in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis. Normal Control: AIN93G diet; Control: AIN93G diet + MIA injected group;; MSM (positive control): AIN93G diet + MIA injected group supplemented with MSM 150 mg/kg b.w.; FJH-BS Low: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 80 mg/kg b.w.; and FJH-BS High: AIN93G + MIA injected group supplemented with FJH-BS 125 mg/kg b.w. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=8). Different letters (a > b > c) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 7. The effect of FJH-BS on H2O2-induced damage of chondrocytes. Normal Control: no treatment; Control: H2O2 200 μM treatment; MSM 10: H2O2 200 μM and MSM 10 μg/mL treatment; MSM 20: H2O2 200 μM and MSM 200 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 1: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 1 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 5: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 5 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 10: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 10 μg/mL treatment; and FJH-BS 20: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 20 μg/mL treatment. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=4). Different letters (a > b > c > d > e > f) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 8. The effect of FJH-BS on H2O2-induced changes in the mRNA expression of aggrecan (A), collagen type I (B), collagen type II (C), TIMP-1 (D), TIMP-2 (E), TIMP-3 (F), MMP-3 (G), MMP-7 (H), and MMP-13 (I) in primary chondrocytes. Normal Control: no treatment; Control: H2O2 200 μM treatment; MSM 10: H2O2 200 μM and MSM 10 μg/mL treatment; MSM 20: H2O2 200 μM and MSM 200 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 1: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 1 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 5: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 5 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 10: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 10 μg/mL treatment; and FJH-BS 20: H2O2 200 μM and FJH-BS 20 μg/mL treatment. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=4). Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test
  • Figure 9. The effect of FJH-BS on LPS-treated inflammatory factors, IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNF-α (C), 5-lipoxygenase (D), PGE2 (E), and COX-2 (F) in primary chondrocytes. Normal Control: no treatment; Control: LPS 50 μg/mL treatment; MSM 10: LPS 50 μg/mL and MSM 10 μg/mL treatment; MSM 20: LPS 50 μg/mL and MSM 200 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 1: LPS 50 μg/mL and FJH-BS 1 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 5: LPS 50 μg/mL and FJH-BS 5 μg/mL treatment; FJH-BS 10: LPS 50 μg/mL and FJH-BS 10 μg/mL treatment; and FJH-BS 20: LPS 50 μg/mL and FJH-BS 20 μg/mL treatment. Values are presented as mean + SD (n=4). Different letters (a > b > c > d > e) indicate a significant difference with p < 0.05, as determined using the Duncan’s multiple range test