Figures index

From

Addition of Citrus Leaf Extract into Frying Oil Prevents Hypertension and Improves Vascular Reactivity in Heated Oil-Fed Rats

Nur Hani Suhaimi, Japar Sidik Fadhlullah Zuhair, Mohd Arlamsyah Azlan, Abd Hamid Juliana, Mohd Noor Mohd Mustazil, Satirah Zainalabidin, Kamsiah Jaarin, Suhaila Mohamed, Yusof Kamisah

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2020, 8(8), 417-423 doi:10.12691/jfnr-8-8-5
  • Figure 1. Total food intake (A) and bodyweight (B) in rats fed heated 5HPO and 10HPO, with or without the addition of citrus leaf extract (CLE) into the oils. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control (P < 0.05), #vs other weeks (P < 0.05)
  • Figure 2. Systolic blood pressure (a) and pre- and post-treatment serum NO (b) in the rats fed fresh (FPO) and heated (5HPO and 10HPO) palm oils, with or without the addition of citrus leaf extract (CLE). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control and FPO at each respective week (p<0.05), #vs 5HPO at each respective week (p<0.05), ¥vs 10HPO at each respective week (p<0.05). avs week 0 in the same groups (p<0.05), bvs FPO at week 16 (p<0.05), cvs 5HPO at week 16 (p<0.05)
  • Figure 3. Contraction response to phenylepinephrine (PE) and relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in aortic rings isolated from rats consumed heated palm oil with and without CLE. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control and FPO (P < 0.05), #vs 5HPO at (P < 0.05), ¥vs 10HPO (P < 0.05), at each respective concentration respectively
  • Figure 4. Verhoef van Gieson staining of the aorta (A) and tunica intima-media ratio (TI/TM) (x200 magnification) (B) in rats fed fresh (FPO), five- (5HPO) or ten-time-heated (10HPO) palm oil added with or without citrus leaf extract (CLE) for 16 weeks. TM, tunica media; TI, tunica intima; L, lumen. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control and FPO (P < 0.05), #vs 5HPO or 10HPO respectively at (P < 0.05)
  • Figure 5. Positive expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) at the aortic intimal layer indicated by brownish streaks (arrows) (x200 magnification) (A) and its score (B) in rats fed fresh (FPO), five-time-heated (5HPO) or ten-time-heated (10HPO) palm oil with or without addition of citrus leaf extract (CLE) into heated oil, for 16 weeks. TM, tunica media; TI, tunica intima; L, lumen. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control and FPO (P < 0.05), #vs 5HPO or 10HPO respectively at (P < 0.05).