Figure 5. Positive expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) at the aortic intimal layer indicated by brownish streaks (arrows) (x200 magnification) (A) and its score (B) in rats fed fresh (FPO), five-time-heated (5HPO) or ten-time-heated (10HPO) palm oil with or without addition of citrus leaf extract (CLE) into heated oil, for 16 weeks. TM, tunica media; TI, tunica intima; L, lumen. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8). *vs the control and FPO (P < 0.05), ^#vs 5HPO or 10HPO respectively at (P < 0.05).

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Addition of Citrus Leaf Extract into Frying Oil Prevents Hypertension and Improves Vascular Reactivity in Heated Oil-Fed Rats

Nur Hani Suhaimi, Japar Sidik Fadhlullah Zuhair, Mohd Arlamsyah Azlan, Abd Hamid Juliana, Mohd Noor Mohd Mustazil, Satirah Zainalabidin, Kamsiah Jaarin, Suhaila Mohamed, Yusof Kamisah

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