Figure 3. (A) The NO radical scavenging ability of bromelain. The NO radical scavenging ability of bromelain was calculated as (%) = (1 – sample A420nm/control A420nm ) x 100. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). P < 0.05, compared to the control.(B) Effect of bromelain on inflammatory gene expression (iNOS and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. (C) Effect of bromelain on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases. (D) Effect of bromelain on AP–1 expression. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of bromelain before treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL for 30 min). Following this, cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting using the indicated antibodies. β-actin was used as the control. The protein bands are representative of experiments, and the % expression level indicates the level relative to LPS treated cells which were set as 100%. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). P < 0.05, compared to the control : Medicinal Effects of Bromelain (Ananas comosus) Targeting Oral Environment as an Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agent : Science and Education Publishing

Figure 3. (A) The NO radical scavenging ability of bromelain. The NO radical scavenging ability of bromelain was calculated as (%) = (1 – sample A_420nm/control A_420nm ) x 100. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). P < 0.05, compared to the control.(B) Effect of bromelain on inflammatory gene expression (iNOS and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. (C) Effect of bromelain on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases. (D) Effect of bromelain on AP–1 expression. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of bromelain before treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL for 30 min). Following this, cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting using the indicated antibodies. β-actin was used as the control. The protein bands are representative of experiments, and the % expression level indicates the level relative to LPS treated cells which were set as 100%. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). P < 0.05, compared to the control

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2018, 6(12), 773-784 doi:10.12691/jfnr-6-12-8