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Study the Effect of Total Carotenoids from Sporidiobolus pararoseus on Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Margaret Zaitoun, Maissam Ghanem, Chang Liu, Shuqing Wu, Yuliang Cheng, Weirong Yao, Yahui Guo, He Qian

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2018, 6(12), 740-747 doi:10.12691/jfnr-6-12-4
  • Figure 1. HPLC for TC from SP: A: Torularhodin, B: Torulene, C: γ-carotene, D: β–carotene.
  • Figure 2. Effect of TC on the total cells in BALF. The control group (mice exposed to room air and treated daily with corn oil). CS group (mice exposed to 6 cigarettes per day for 5 continuous days and treated with corn oil). CS+LY18 (mice exposed to 6 cigarettes per day for 5 continuous days and treated with lycopene 18 mg/kg). CS+TC18, CS+TC12, CS+TC9 (mice exposed to 6 cigarettes per day for 5 continuous days and treated with TC 18, 12, 9 mg/kg respectively). We performed one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan posttest (p<0.05, n=8) to compare between groups. Different letters appear statistically significant differences between groups, p<0.05. Data were expressed as Means ±SDs
  • Figure 3. Photomicrographs of lung tissues after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. A: control group without smoking exposure, B: CS group: 6 cigarettes/day for five continuous days, C: mice exposed to CS and treated with Lycopene 18 mg/kg, D: mice exposed to CS and treated with TC 18 mg/kg, E: mice exposed to CS and treated with TC 12 mg/kg, F: mice exposed to CS and treated with TC 9 mg/kg
  • Figure 4. Assessment of the TC effect on oxidative stress, by measuring the MDA, GSH levels and the activity of SOD, CAT in lung homogenates from all mice. To compare between groups, we performed one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan posttest (p<0.05, n=8). Different letters appear statistically significant differences between groups. Data were expressed as Means ± SDs
  • Figure 5. Evaluation the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines measured by ELISA in all experiment groups: a- TNF-α levels in BALF, b-TNF-α levels in lung homogenates, c- IL-6 levels in BALF, d- IL-6 levels in lung homogenates. To compare between groups, we performed one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan posttest (p<0.05, n=8). Different letters appear statistically significant differences between groups, p<0.05. Data were expressed as Means±SDs