Figures index : Protective Effects of Forsythiaside A, Forsythiaside B, and Phillyrin against UVA-Induced Cell Damage : Science and Education Publishing

Figures index

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2014, 2(9), 587-593 doi:10.12691/jfnr-2-9-10

Figure 1. Chemical structures of Forsythiaside A, forsythiaside B, and phillyrin extracted from F. suspensa

Figure 2. The UVA-protective activity of F. suspensa bioactives. (A) The cytotoxic activity of the compounds on NIH/3T3 cells. (B) The protective activity of a 24 h pretreatment with each compound against 48 h UVA exposure. Data are the mean values of at least three independent experiments ± SEM. *p < 0.05: significant difference compared to the control group

Figure 3. The protective activity of F. suspensa bioactives against DNA damage. NIH/3T3 cells were pretreated for 24 h with 100 µg/mL forsythiaside A, 6.25 µg/mL forsythiaside B, or 200 µg/mL phillyrin followed by exposure to UVA for 24 h, followed by single-cell electrophoretic assay of cells from each group. The percentages of tail DNA, tail length and oliver tailMor were analyzed using the Casp software program. Data shown are the mean values of at least three independent experiments ± SEM. *p < 0.05: significant difference compared to the control group

Figure 4. The protective effect of F. suspensa bioactives against UVA-induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. (A) After exposure to UVA for 24h, untreated cells or cells pretreated as described in were irradiated, followed by staining with annexin-V/PI and quantification of apoptosis by FACS. (B) To assess cell-cycle arrest, the cells were stained with PI staining reagent, and the percentages of cells in each phase of the cell cycle were measured by FACS

Figure 5. The anti-inflammatory activity of F. suspensa bioactives. (A) The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds toward RAW 264.7 cells. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and iNOS after compound pretreatment and LPS stimulation. Compound concentrations were the same as in Figs. 3 and 4. The data presented are the average values from at least three independent experiments ± SEM. *p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference compared to the control group