Table 2a. Serum levels of total proteins, albumin, and globulin were significantly lower in cadmium-exposed compared to the untreated control rats. Levels of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and bilirubin in the cadmium-exposed rats were significantly increased compared to the untreated control rats. Rats administered with lutein demonstrated no significant differences in their biochemical parameters compared to the untreated control rats. The estimated biochemical parameters in cadmium-exposed and lutein-treated rats exhibited improvements towards the control levels and were significantly different from those estimated in the cadmium-exposed rats : The Antioxidant Properties of Lutein Efficiently Mitigate the Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress through Restoring the Oxidant: Antioxidant Balance and Enhancing the Total Antioxidative Capacity in Wistar Rats : Science and Education Publishing

Table 2a. Serum levels of total proteins, albumin, and globulin were significantly lower in cadmium-exposed compared to the untreated control rats. Levels of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and bilirubin in the cadmium-exposed rats were significantly increased compared to the untreated control rats. Rats administered with lutein demonstrated no significant differences in their biochemical parameters compared to the untreated control rats. The estimated biochemical parameters in cadmium-exposed and lutein-treated rats exhibited improvements towards the control levels and were significantly different from those estimated in the cadmium-exposed rats

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025, 13(3), 163-171 doi:10.12691/jfnr-13-3-6