Figure 5. Biomarkers screened between blood samples of bester sturgeons fed pure feed additives and commercial by-product feed additives. According to the type of feed additive, A and B are from the lactic acid group, and C and D are from the betaine group. In A and C, the blood samples of bester sturgeons fed with pure betaine and lactic acid as feed additives were collected at 3°C. In B and D, the blood samples of bester sturgeons fed with pure betaine and lactic acid as feed additives were collected at 13°C

From

Effects of Byproduct Lactic Acid and Byproduct Betaine As Feed Additives on the Metabolomic Profiles of Blood, Meat, and Fat Tissue of Juvenile Bester Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso)

Qi Liu, Takeshi Naganuma, Akio Ueno, Shuji Tamamura, Takuma Murakami

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025, 13(3), 146-155 doi:10.12691/jfnr-13-3-4