Figure 2. PCA analysis of metabolites in meat, fat, and blood of: A, lactic acid group; B, betaine group; and C, basic diet P and additives (byproduct lactic acid L and byproduct betaine B). PP1A, PP2A, and PP3A are three replicates of the basic diet. PL1A, PL2A, and PL3A are three replicates of the basic diet supplemented with a byproduct rich in lactic acid. PB1A, PB2A, and PB3A are three replicates of the basic diet supplemented with a byproduct rich in betaine. There is an obvious separation trend between blood tissue and the other two tissues, while the separation between meat tissue and fat tissue is not obvious. There is an obvious separation trend among the basic diet and the additives

From

Effects of Byproduct Lactic Acid and Byproduct Betaine As Feed Additives on the Metabolomic Profiles of Blood, Meat, and Fat Tissue of Juvenile Bester Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso)

Qi Liu, Takeshi Naganuma, Akio Ueno, Shuji Tamamura, Takuma Murakami

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025, 13(3), 146-155 doi:10.12691/jfnr-13-3-4