Figure 1. Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by E-OJ and phenolic compounds. HeLa cells were treated for 12 hours with the ethyl acetate fraction of Orostachys japonicus (E-OJ) at concentrations of 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/ml, or with 80 μM of kaempferol (K), quercetin (Q), or gallic acid (G). (A) Representative Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry plots. (B) Quantification of viable cells (Annexin V⁻/PI⁻). (C) Percentage of early (Annexin V⁺/PI⁻) and late (Annexin V⁺/PI⁺) apoptotic cells. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to control

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Orostachys Japonicus Promotes Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells through Modulation of NF-ΚB and ERK1/2 Pathways

Seon-Hee Kim, Dong Seok Lee

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