Figure 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis based on samples from different groups and different sampling times shows that the metabolite differences caused by a single feed additive gradually emerge with the extension of feeding time. When compound feed additives are used for feeding, the differences are not obvious under short-term feeding, but as the feeding time reaches 546 days, the metabolite differences gradually emerge. A and B represent the PCA results of the lactic acid group and the betaine group, respectively

From

Effects of Lactic Acid and Betaine As Feed Additives on Metabolomic Profiles of Juvenile Bester Sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso)

Qi Liu, Takeshi Naganuma

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025, 13(1), 18-33 doi:10.12691/jfnr-13-1-3