Figure 3. Connectivity in aromatic ring (bold line) based on COSY spectrum of hydroxy benzoic acid (A) and key HMBC correlation between hydrogens and carbons of ferulic acid (B). These concepts on simple structure are applicable to coumarin (1), diarylheptanoid (2), anthraquiones (3), and xanthonoid (4). The lack of hydrogens in phloroglucinol groups (5 and 6) the structural determination can be assisted with molecular models

From

Simplified Practical Identification of Polyphenol Types in Natural Dietaries Based on 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Azis Saifudin, Habibie Habibie, Muhammad Aswad, Yasuhiro Tezuka, Ken Tanaka

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