Figures index

From

New Formulas and Mechanism for the Spiral Arm Formation of Galaxies

Hongjun Pan

International Journal of Physics. 2019, 7(3), 73-85 doi:10.12691/ijp-7-3-2
  • Figure 1. The image of NGC 1300 galaxy
  • Figure 2. Illustration of matter conversion and emission by the black hole
  • Figure 3. IM moves through the confined route
  • Figure 4. IM moves in the flat rotation region
  • Figure 5. 9 different spiral patterns produced by the model. The parameters for generating each pattern are listed below: a: ρ = 0.6; b: ρ = 0.7; c: ρ = 1.4; d: ρ = 1*(1+0.0048*θ); e: ρ = 0.5*(1+0.05*θ); f: ρ = 0.56; g: ρ = 1*(1 + 0.022*θ); h: ρ = 1*tg(0.17*θ); i: ρ = 0.6 *tg(0.28*θ)
  • Figure 6. Faded and invisible spiral arms
  • Figure 7. A galaxy without spiral arms
  • Figure 8. A galaxy with spiral arms
  • Figure 9. The ring sizes of spiral-plus-ring patterns with different ρ values
  • Figure 10. UGC 12158, type: Sb, ρ = 1.0, Euler(38,0,0)
  • Figure 11. NGC 2273, Type SB(r)a, left, orginal image and fitting, ρ = 0.6, Euler angle (-43, 57, 80). Right, face-on image (right) converted form the original image and fitting, ρ= 0.6
  • Figure 12. NGC 1398, type: (R')SB(r)ab, ρ = 0.55*(1 + 6.8*10-7 *θ2), Euler(7,48,0)
  • Figure 13. Hoag’s Object
  • Figure 14. NGC 1300, ρ = 0.65, Euler ( -25, 55,0)
  • Figure 15. M51 Two section fitting, Euler(13,0,0)
  • Figure 16. Parameter ρ changes with time for M51 galaxy (Rotation angle of the galactic bar (in degree), (Equivalent to the time scale from the past to current))
  • Figure 17. UGC 6093, two section simulations, Euler (57, 0, 0)
  • Figure 18. NGC 4622, non-equal simulation for both arms
  • Figure 19. NGC 4731, Type: E6, ρ = 0.5*tg(0.38*θ), Euler (18, 0, 0)
  • Figure 20. A, false appearance of arms ahead of the bar; B: arms behind the bar
  • Figure 21. Spiral arm patterns with IM emission velocity decrease with the backward time