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From

The Model of Magnetic Field Based on the Concepts of Virtual Particles and s Possessing Zero-Point Energy

Liudmila B. Boldyreva

International Journal of Physics. 2016, 4(2), 26-31 doi:10.12691/ijp-4-2-1
  • Figure 1. The characteristics of a pair of virtual particles: is spin; is the mass; is the precession frequency; is the angular momentum of ; is the speed of the circular motion of ; is the deflection angle; is the precession angle (phase); is circulation of ; ref. line is the reference line
  • Figure 2. The characteristics of physical vacuum with QHO: is the QHO precession frequency; r is the distance between the wire and point Р; A is the magnetic vector potential; is the spin precession frequency of the virtual particles pair created by a charged quantum entity that is a constituent of current I; , and are respectively the spin, spin precession frequency and precession angle (phase) of the virtual particles pair created by the moving quantum entity; is a change in spin precession phase ; is the position of spin after the action of vector potential; ref. line is a reference line
  • Figure 3. Diagram of the experiment that demonstrates the Aharonov-Casher topological effect. En is the electric field strength produced by the line charge in the region where the neutrons propagate; w is the neutron velocity