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From

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Derived from SMAP and SMOS Microwave Satellite Data Using in-situ Measurements in Senegal

Omar Marigo, Gayane Faye, Manuela Grippa, Thierry Pellarin, Modou Mbaye, Dome Tine, Eric Mougin, Fama Mbengue, Aissata Thiam, Balla Diop Ngom

American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2022, 10(1), 8-21 doi:10.12691/env-10-1-2
  • Figure 1. Location of the three sites in the study area (Ferlo: Bawdi and Loumbi; Niakhar)
  • Figure 2. Installation of soil moisture and temperature sensors at: (a)-Bawdi, (b)-Loumbi and (c)-Niakhar
  • Figure 3. Time series of in situ SM measured at different depths at (a) Bawdi, (b) Loumbi sites over the 2017 – 2019 period: Pastorale zone
  • Figure 4. Time series of in situ SM measured at different depths at (c) Niakhar site over the 2017 – 2019 period: agricultural zone
  • Figure 5. Temporal variation of SMAP, SMOS, and in-situ SM data at (-a) Bawdi, (b) Loumbi) and (c) Niakhar sites
  • Figure 6. In situ SM versus SMAP and SMOS SM products in Bawdi site
  • Figure 7. In situ SM versus SMAP and SMOS SM products Loumbi site
  • Figure 8. In situ versus SMAP and SMOS SM products at Niakhar site
  • Figure 9. Global interpretation between satellite products and in situ measurements: (a) Bawdi, (b) Loumbi, and (c) Niakhar
  • Figure 10. Spatial-temporal variation of SM of the root zone in a silvopastoral area (Loumbi) and an agricultural area (Niakhar)
  • Figure 11. Comparison between microwave sensor products and in situ root zone soil moisture measurements: (a) Loumbi and (b) Niakhar