Figures index : The noninvasive neuromonitoring in medicine: Rheoencephalography (REG) : Science and Education Publishing

Figures index

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine. 2023, 11(3), 67-73 doi:10.12691/ajmsm-11-3-1

Figure 1. a. REG monitoring device (on left) b. System of electrodes (in the middle) c. Electrode attachment sites (on right)

Figure 3. Typical REG curves for healthy individuals and those with sclerosis show a noticeable difference in peak time .

Figure 4. Data on the duration (in seconds) between the start of a phase and its greatest (first) peak were collated and shown diagrammatically .

Figure 5. Anesthetized rat in the stereotaxic frame during SAP, LDF, REG, EEG, and EKG measurements .

Figure 6. The anatomy of the LDF probe, REG electrodes, and EEG electrodes implanted in a rat skull are illustrated in a dorsal view. Bregma and lambda points as well as the sutura between bones are considered standard orientation points in rat neurophysiology .

Figure 7. Block diagrams depicting REG and LDF measurements during CO₂ inhalation challenges in rats, as well as data processing of the resultant signals recorded on a computer (PC). Data were initially processed using DataLyser software to handle analog signals; the resulting Figures were then entered into an Excel software spreadsheet to calculate percentages of control values, group mean, and SD. The % values of REG and LDF were then entered into a Prism software spreadsheet to calculate ROC and AUC. This diagram was reprinted from the original of M. Bodo et. al .

Figure 8. In real time, the effect of CO₂ inhalation on LDF flow and REG signals: CO₂ concentrations were accompanied by increases in LDF flux and REG signal amplitudes. The Y axis is given in volts for all traces, whereas the X axis is shown in seconds. REG raw signal; REG proc (processed signal, presented as a running integral); EKG; Respiration (measured by bioimpedance); LDF flux; inhaled CO₂ are the traces, from top to bottom .

Figure 9. Typical variations in LDF and iREG (REG integral) during bleeding. The rise in iREG pulse amplitudes suggested CBF autoregulation (arteriolar vasodilation); local cortical LDF passively followed SAP, with higher pulse amplitudes; and CO₂ was marginally reduced. Left side: baseline; MABP dropped to 40 mm Hg in 15 minutes; right side plateau: 40 mm Hg in 30 minutes. iREG CBF; Laser Doppler flow CBF (integrating probe: 7 sensors in a 6 mm circular array) .