Figure 2. The action of probiotics by resisting infection by pathogens and immune modulation (Adopted from https://www.customprobiotics.com/mechanisms-of-action)

From

Probiotics in Health and Disease: A Review of Emerging Evidence of Potential Benefits and Harm

Kebede Abdisa, Dagmawit Atalel, Gemechu Berhanu, Venkataramana Kandi

American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2022, 10(1), 23-33 doi:10.12691/ajmr-10-1-4