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From

“Vacuum Shroud (VS)”-A Green Flow Control Device (FCD) towards Replacement of “Turbo Stop” In Tundish Metallurgy

Debasish Chatterjee

American Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. 2017, 4(1), 1-31 doi:10.12691/ajmm-4-1-1
  • Figure 1. (a) Photographic image of slag eye at Industrial Operation (Reprinted from [9].) (b) Contribution of different abnormalities on contamination of steel (Reprinted from [10].)
  • Figure 2. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) Schematic diagram of different shroud and impact pad combinations developed last three decades (Reprinted from [3,4,5,6,7].) (g) Vacuum Shroud with full scale dimensions
  • Figure 3. (a) to (f) Velocity contour plot and (g), (h) Graphical plots of velocity along vertical and horizontal directions respectively
  • Figure 4. (a) and (b) Graphical representations of static pressure along the nozzle vertically from bottom of the bath and horizontal direction from center to bath wall respectively
  • Figure 5. (a) to (f) Slag Eye Opening Areas during Initial Stage of Pouring of Liquid in the Bath (g) Plot of density fluctuation at slag phase during primary stage of pouring (h)Statistical plot of slag eye area formed at this stage for all shroud configurations
  • Figure 6. (a) to (f) Slag Eye Opening Area after few seconds of Pouring of Liquid in the Bath (g) & (h) Statistical representations of slag eye area after reaching the bath fluid flow in steady state
  • Figure 7. (a) to (e) Multiphase plot of Argon shrouding for different typed flow control device (f) & (g) Graphical plot of density fluctuations at slag phase and slag eye area respectively
  • Figure 8. Multiphase and velocity contour plot of Vacuum Shroud (VS) during inflow rate of fluid at (a&d) 3 m/sec (b&e) 4 m/sec (c) 5 m/sec and (g) 5 m/sec with slightly high vacuum (720 torr pressure within the outer nozzle chamber) employed
  • Figure 9. Histogram distributions of static pressure (a) to (d) and velocity (e) to (h) within the Nozzle & Bath for Vacuum Shroud with increasing pouring velocity respectively
  • Figure 10. (a) to (e) Multiphase plot of initial period slag entrainment in the bath (f) Graphical plot of emulsifications
  • Figure 11. (a)-(f) Conditions of the bath emulsifications after reaching steady state
  • Figure 12. (a) to (e) Velocity magnitude plot of inclusions particles for different shroud configurations (f) Statistical representations no. of inclusions entrapped within the bath
  • Figure 13. (a)-(e) Trajectory Plots of Inclusions particles
  • Figure 14. Discrete phase entrapped particles distribution plots (a)-(f) for inclusions (blue color) and inert argon particles (red color) during gas shrouding
  • Figure 15. (a) - (e) Trajectory Plot of particles during argon shrouding condition
  • Figure 16. (a) – (f) Distributions of argon and entrapped inclusions during high rate of gas shrouding condition
  • Figure 17. (a) – (e) Chances to flow the particles during modified flow conditions due to high rate of gas impinging from the side wall of the shroud
  • Figure 18. Statistical plot of oxygen pick up rate from slag eye at different period of operations for all shroud configurations