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Experimental Characterization of the Influence of Nozzle Temperature in FDM 3D Printed Pure PLA and Advanced PLA+

Mohammad S. Alsoufi, Mohammed W. Alhazmi, Dhia K. Suker, Turki A. Alghamdi, Rayan A. Sabbagh, Mohammed A. Felemban, Feras K. Bazuhair

American Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2019, 7(2), 45-60 doi:10.12691/ajme-7-2-1
  • Figure 1. The end-user FDM 3D printer and 3D physical rectangular shape
  • Figure 2. The FDM 3D printed object using 20% infill density pure PLA and advanced PLA+ thermoplastic filament material with different infill line direction of (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45° and nozzle temperature ranging from 195°C to 250°C with 5°C increments
  • Figure 3. The FDM 3D printed object using 20% infill density pure PLA (grey) and advanced PLA+ (blue) thermoplastic filament material with different infill line direction of (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45°
  • Figure 4. Temperature scale of pure PLA and advanced PLA+ thermoplastic filament material ranging from 195°C to 250°C with 5°C increments including the manufacture recommendation best print temperature
  • Figure 5. Warping deformation and its method of measurement at each corner
  • Figure 6. CAD file of printed part for warping analysis
  • Figure 7. The height measurements (warping deformation analysis) for both (a) pure PLA and (b) advanced PLA+ without adding epoxy resin adhesive on the platform (print bed)
  • Figure 8. The height measurements (warping deformation analysis) for both pure PLA and advanced PLA+ at (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45° infill line direction
  • Figure 9. Contour plot of corner 1, 2, 3, 4 including the middle corresponded to the nozzle temperature without thermos adhesive at 20% infill density and infill line direction of (a) PLA @ 0°(b) PLA @ 90° (c) PLA @ 45° and (d) PLA @ ±45°
  • Figure 10. Contour plot of corner 1, 2, 3, 4 including the middle corresponded to the nozzle temperature without thermos adhesive at 20% infill density and infill line direction of (a) PLA+ @ 0°(b) PLA+ @ 90° (c) PLA+ @ 45° and (d) PLA+ @ ±45°
  • Figure 11. CAD file of the printed part target for dimensional accuracy analysis
  • Figure 12. Length measurements geometry variation for (a) pure PLA and (b) advanced PLA+
  • Figure 13. The length measurements (warping deformation analysis) for both pure PLA and advanced PLA+ at (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45° infill line direction
  • Figure 14. Width measurements geometry variation for (a) pure PLA and (b) advanced PLA+
  • Figure 15. The width measurements (warping deformation analysis) for both pure PLA and advanced PLA+ at (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45° infill line direction
  • Figure 16. Filament density versus nozzle temperature relationship for both (a) pure PLA and (b) advanced PLA+ at 0°, 90°, 45° and ±45° infill line direction
  • Figure 17. Twelve-level density experiment for both pure PLA and advanced PLA+ at (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 45° and (d) ±45° infill line direction