The process of improving heat transfer is one of the important topics that are constantly studied. There are three techniques to improve the heat transfer (passive, active and compound). Most studies are done using the passive technique because it does not need external energy. its work is only to mix the flow to control the growth of the boundary layer and to increase the thermal exchange between the wall and the fluid flow by placing the techniques inside the flow. In this study, emphasis was placed on the studies and research carried out on the first technique (passive technique) and put in a table according to the years of publication as a reference for the students studying in this subject and for heat exchangers designers who aim to reduce weight and cost in the process of manufacturing heat exchangers for reduce their effort and time to reach the optimal design and get the best results.
The need of develop efficient heat exchangers has been partially fulfilled by using increased heat transfer rats. Heat transfer rate can be enhanced by using different methods, these methods can be classified in to three different categories 1, 2, 3, 4.
Active technique/these techniques require some external power input to cause the desired flow modification and improvement heat transfer like surface vibration or electrostatic fields.
Passive technique/these techniques not require any direct input of external power but using of geometrical modifications to the flow channel by incorporating insert or additional devices as a rough surface, swirl device, coil tube, etc.
Compound technique/ it is a hybrid method where both active and passive techniques are combined to increase heat transfer rate.
The design procedure of heat exchangers is quite complicated and the major challenge in designing of heat exchangers is to make the equipment compact and to achieve a high heat transfer rate using minimum pumping power. The goal of improvement heat transfer is to reduction heat exchanger size and operate at smaller velocity, this lead to higher heat transfer coefficient and reduction of pressure drop, and finally mean less operating cost.
Recently, passive technique has widely been applied for improvement heat transfer due to its effectiveness, low cost and easy setting up with increasing pressure drop and efforts deal with decreases pressure drop by augmentation inserts. The using of this techniques cause disturbs of actual boundary layer and swirl in the bulk of fluid to increase effective surface area.
When heat exchangers be old, the resistance to heat transfer increase, this problem is common for heat exchangers. In this case, heat transfer rate can be enhanced by introducing disturbance in fluid flow with using different techniques. In recent years some of papers deal with reviews of heat transfer enhancement tool, but these reviews deal with some of passive technique geometries or take one type of flow.
Heat transfer augmentation: -
In general, some kind of inserts are placed in flow passage to augment the heat transfer rate and this reduce the hydraulic diameter of flow passage 1. By inserter passive technique, heat transfer will be enhanced in tube flow due to flow blockage, partitioning of flow. When using passive technique, pressure drop and viscos effects will be increase because of reduced free flow area. Blockage also increases the flow velocity and lead to significant secondary flow. Secondary flow improvement thermal contact between the fluid and surface due to swirl flow (except for extended surface), and temperature gradient will be improving due to mixing fluid that is lead to increase heat transfer coefficient.
2 had taken the exhaustive review of some of the method of augmentation. The important outcomes are given in Table 1.
Before starting the study, the types of surfaces and geometries modification inserts in channel in the previous studies are summarized in Table 2.
A. Literature review for reviewing and summarizing previous researchs
A number of previous studies have been conducted summarizing previous research done on the passive technique of heat transfer augmentation with using twisted tape inserts (T.T). But these studies were not comprehensive enough to enrich students and designers to the subject of heat exchangers.
1 reviewed the researchs for five different type of inserts [twisted tape (T.T) in laminar flow, twisted tape (T.T) in turbulent flow, wire coil in laminar flow, wire coil in turbulent flow and some of other inserts such as ribs, fins, etc].
5 reviewed research deals with enhancement heat transfer by using twisted tape (T.T) in laminar and turbulent flows.
2 reviewed a few studies for a few years preceding the review conducted on passive augmentation technique.
3 reviewed a few number of researches for a few years preceding this review conducted on enhanced heat transfer by using twisted tape (T.T) in tubular heat exchangers.
6 reviewed a few papers about improving heat transfer in heat exchangers for laminar and turbulent flow with using plain and modified (T.T).
7 reviewed a researches on heat transfer improvement in circular tube by using nano fluid with (T.T) for laminar and turbulent flow.
8 reviewed the researches working in circular tube and square duct with using (T.T) and screw tape for laminar and turbulent flow.
9 reviewed a numerous research artificial for enhancement heat transfer in tube by using different types of inserts. The study focus on the various geometries of inserts and take one research for each insert as a sample of geometries using to produce turbulent flow and effect on heat transfer.
The focus of 10 review is done on various categories of (T.T) (plain T.T, varying width and length T.T, T.T with alternant axis, T.T with modification in the peripheral region, T.T with modification on the surface, T.T with rod and varying spacer and T.T wing) in the turbulent flow.
11 reviewed a few papers working on the effect of T.T insert on heat transfer, friction factor, thermal performance factor characteristic and pressure drop.
12 reviewed a few papers working on improvement heat transfer and pressure drop by using suitable insert of T.T in flow channel.
13 reviewed a few papers working on pressure drop and enhancement heat transfer with circular and square cross section with different types of inserts.
14 reviewed a few researches working on enhancement heat transfer in pipes with using different type of inserts in laminar and turbulent flow.
15 reviewed papers that discussion heat transfer augmentation techniques by using simple inserting geometries of T.T and wire coil and tube geometry experimentally.
16 reviewed papers contains passive enhancement technique considers use of T.T in heat transfer.
17 reviewed researches working on enhancement heat transfer and pressure drop by using some types of T.T in laminar and turbulent flow.
By looking of previous studies reviews, it is clear that there is no comprehensive and general overview of the enhancement heat transfer rate of heat exchangers by using passive augmentation techniques. In this study, previous researches conducted on this subject will be reviewed based on the years of publication and the type of flow as in Table 3 to be an adequate reference for students and designers of heat exchangers.
Through this study it is clear that: -
1- increasing heat transfer by using (passive technique) of all types and geometries accompanied by increased pressure drop and friction coefficient
2- Some types if inserts mix the bulk flow very well in laminar flow such as plain and modification twisted tape (T.T) and some of others well in turbulent flow as wire coil.
3- The aim of the study to make a comparison between increasing of heat transfer and friction factor and access to the optimal situation
4 - The effect of this technique (passive) in the turbulent flow is greater than in the laminar flow
5- There are many types and forms of inserts to flow for the purpose of improving heat transfer and more than one type can be combined into one study
6 - This study summarizes what has been done previously on this technical to be an important reference and shorten the time and effort of students and designers heat exchangers
7- Previous studies show that more researchers used the same (twisted taps TT) but with different (Re, Pr and Twist ratio) or change the diameter and length of the tube.
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Published with license by Science and Education Publishing, Copyright © 2019 Ahmed Hashim Yousif and Maher Rehaif Khudhair
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