Article Versions
Export Article
Cite this article
  • Normal Style
  • MLA Style
  • APA Style
  • Chicago Style
Case Report
Open Access Peer-reviewed

Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated to Familial Mediterranean Fever

Salem Bouomrani , Rim Mesfar, Moez BenAyed, Mouna Guermazi, Hassène Baïli, Souad Yahyaoui
American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2019, 7(8), 170-172. DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-7-8-5
Received May 10, 2019; Revised June 19, 2019; Accepted July 11, 2019

Abstract

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a rare hereditary auto-inflammatory disease that can be exceptionally associated with many other dys-immune disorders; the most reported associations were with systemic vasculitis, spondyloarthropathies, inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic lupus erythematous, multiple sclerosis, and juvenile chronic arthritis. The association of FMF with primary inflammatory myopathy remains exceptional and unusual; it has only been noted once before with adult polymyositis. We report an original observation of FMF associated with juvenile dermatomyositis in an eight-year-old boy, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously.

1. Introduction

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a rare hereditary auto-inflammatory disease 1, 2, which is particularly common among Sephardic Jews, Turkish, Armenian, and Arab, where the prevalence may be in the order of 1-2/1000 1. It is currently recognized as a ubiquitous disease, although in most cases the notion of an ancestor from the Middle East or the Mediterranean region is found 1, 3. This disease is genetically determined, caused by a mutation in the MEFV gene on chromosome 16 (16p13.3), and its transmission is predominantly autosomal recessive 1, 2, 3.

The association of FMF with other dys-immune disorders remains exceptional; the most reported associations were with systemic vasculitis, spondyloarthropathies, inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic lupus erythematous, multiple sclerosis, and juvenile chronic arthritis 1, 4, 5.

The association of FMF with primary inflammatory myopathy remains exceptional and unusual; it has only been noted once before with polymyositis 6.

We report an original case of FMF associated with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported previously.

2. Case Report

An eight-year-old boy whith known FMF presented to our department with a feverish eruption of the face and hands.

The diagnosis of FMF was made at the age of 6 in front of recurrent abdominal pain with bilateral pleurisy, and confirmed by the presence of the M694V homozygous mutation of the MEFV gene. He was treated with colchicine with a good response.

The somatic examination found a febrile child at 38°C, a heliotrope erythrœdema of the face (Figure 1), Gottron's papules of the extension faces of the proximal and distal inter-phalangeal and metacarpo-phalangeal joints of both hands (Figure 2), and provoked diffuse myalgia without muscle deficit.

Biology showed a marked inflammatory syndrome with erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 68 mm/H1 and a C-reactive protein at 42 mg/l, and rhabdomyolysis with creatinine kinase at 320 IU/l and lactic dehydrogenase at 480 IU/l. Other basic bioassays were within normal limits: total blood count, creatinine, serum calcium, fast glycaemia, transaminases, lipid parameters, and thyroid hormones. Standard X-rays of the chest and hands were without abnormalities.

Antinuclear antibodies were positive at 1/320 with positive anti-Mi2 antibodies. The electromyogram revealed a myogenic syndrome of the four limbs without associated neurogenic signs. Skin-muscle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute dermatomyositis and did not show signs of colchicine-induced myopathy. No systemic visceral involvement was found, and investigations for underlying cancer were negative.

Under systemic corticosteroids at a dose of 1mg/kg/day and hydroxychloroquine at a dose of 200 mg/day, the evolution was rapidly favorable with complete remission.

3. Discussion

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a primary inflammatory myopathy of unknown etiology occurring, by definition, in children under 16 years of age 7, 8, 9. Its incidence is estimated at 0.3-0.4/100,000 children, and is the most common inflammatory myopathy of the child with a maximum incidence around the age of seven 7, 8, 9. It can rarely associate with other autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematous, systemic sclerosis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome 10. His association with the FMF has not been reported before. Indeed, in the Özçakar ZB et al series of 600 children with FMF, of whom 77 had concomitant disease, no association with JDM was noted 4.

This association represents a real diagnostic challenge for clinicians, especially since localized or diffuse myositis may be a clinical manifestation of FMF 11, 12, and may even be the only manifestation revealing it 13. Similarly, colchicine, a basic drug for the treatment of FMF can induce an iatrogenic neuromuscular pathology that can simulate polymyositis (polumyositis-like syndrome) 14.

The association of FMF with an authentic primary inflammatory myopathy has been reported only once in the world literature by Eguchi M et al 6. It was the case of a 37-year-old Japanese woman with FMF associated to a polymyositis. The exact mechanism of this association is not yet well understood, but this association comforts once again the immune dysfunction induced by FMF 6.

4. Conclusion

The association of FMF with primary inflammatory myositis remains exceptional and unusual. It deserves to be known because it can represent real diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Our observation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reporting the association of FMF to dermatomyositis. It is also distinguished by its juvenile character.

Conflicts of Interest

None.

References

[1]  Ozdogan H, Ugurlu S. Familial Mediterranean Fever. Presse Med. 2019 Jan 24. pii: S0755-4982(18)30486-X.
In article      
 
[2]  Georgin-Lavialle S, Fayand A, Rodrigues F, Bachmeyer C, Savey L, Grateau G. Autoinflammatory diseases: State of the art. Presse Med. 2019 Jan 24. pii: S0755-4982(18)30485-8.
In article      
 
[3]  Sedivá A, Horváth R, Maňásek V, Gregorová A, Plevová P, Horáčková M, et al. Cluster of patients with Familial Mediterranean fever and heterozygous carriers of mutations in MEFV gene in the Czech Republic. Clin Genet. 2014; 86(6): 564-9.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[4]  Özçakar ZB, Çakar N, Uncu N, Çelikel BA, Yalçinkaya F. Familial Mediterranean fever-associated diseases in children. QJM. 2017; 110(5): 287-290.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[5]  Bouomrani S, Guermazi M. Multiple Sclerosis and Familial Mediterranean Fever: Myth or Reality?. Ann Mult Scler Res. 2019; 1(1): 1003.
In article      
 
[6]  Eguchi M, Miyashita T, Shirouzu H, Sato S, Izumi Y, Takeoka A, et al. Coexistence of polymyositis and familial Mediterranean fever. Mod Rheumatol. 2013; 23(2): 374-8.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[7]  Hofer MF, Rivier G, Guerne PA, Girardin E. La dermatomyosite juvénile: une maladie différente de la forme adulte? Rev Med Suisse. 2001; 3: 21264.
In article      
 
[8]  Pelkonen PM, Jalanko HJ, Lantto RK, Mäkelä AL, Pietikäinen MA, Savolainen HA, et al. Incidence of systemic connective tissue diseases in children: a nationwide prospective study in Finland. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21(11): 2143-6.
In article      
 
[9]  Bader-Meunier B, Gitiaux C, Belot A, Brochard K, Mouy R, Ponce D, et al. French expert opinion for the management of juvenile dermatomyositis. Arch Pediatr. 2019; 26(2): 120-125.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[10]  McCann LJ, Pain CE. A Practical Approach to Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Juvenile Scleroderma. Indian J Pediatr. 2016; 83(2): 163-71.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[11]  Estublier C, Stankovic Stojanovic K, Bergerot JF, Broussolle C, Sève P. Myositis in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever and spondyloarthritis successfully treated with anakinra. Joint Bone Spine. 2013; 80(6): 645-9.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[12]  Gdynia HJ, Sperfeld AD, Haerter G. Histologic signs of inflammatory myopathy in familial Mediterranean fever. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006; 12(5): 265-6.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[13]  Akl K, Rawashdeh MO. Isolated myositis as a sole presentation of familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Int. 2012; 32(10): 3321-2.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[14]  Tattevin P, Arondelle C, Margent P, Broucker De T. Neuromuscular complications of long-term treatment of inflammatory diseases. 3 cases. Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1999; 150(8): 594-7.
In article      
 

Published with license by Science and Education Publishing, Copyright © 2019 Salem Bouomrani, Rim Mesfar, Moez BenAyed, Mouna Guermazi, Hassène Baïli and Souad Yahyaoui

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Cite this article:

Normal Style
Salem Bouomrani, Rim Mesfar, Moez BenAyed, Mouna Guermazi, Hassène Baïli, Souad Yahyaoui. Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated to Familial Mediterranean Fever. American Journal of Medical Case Reports. Vol. 7, No. 8, 2019, pp 170-172. https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/7/8/5
MLA Style
Bouomrani, Salem, et al. "Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated to Familial Mediterranean Fever." American Journal of Medical Case Reports 7.8 (2019): 170-172.
APA Style
Bouomrani, S. , Mesfar, R. , BenAyed, M. , Guermazi, M. , Baïli, H. , & Yahyaoui, S. (2019). Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated to Familial Mediterranean Fever. American Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7(8), 170-172.
Chicago Style
Bouomrani, Salem, Rim Mesfar, Moez BenAyed, Mouna Guermazi, Hassène Baïli, and Souad Yahyaoui. "Juvenile Dermatomyositis Associated to Familial Mediterranean Fever." American Journal of Medical Case Reports 7, no. 8 (2019): 170-172.
Share
[1]  Ozdogan H, Ugurlu S. Familial Mediterranean Fever. Presse Med. 2019 Jan 24. pii: S0755-4982(18)30486-X.
In article      
 
[2]  Georgin-Lavialle S, Fayand A, Rodrigues F, Bachmeyer C, Savey L, Grateau G. Autoinflammatory diseases: State of the art. Presse Med. 2019 Jan 24. pii: S0755-4982(18)30485-8.
In article      
 
[3]  Sedivá A, Horváth R, Maňásek V, Gregorová A, Plevová P, Horáčková M, et al. Cluster of patients with Familial Mediterranean fever and heterozygous carriers of mutations in MEFV gene in the Czech Republic. Clin Genet. 2014; 86(6): 564-9.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[4]  Özçakar ZB, Çakar N, Uncu N, Çelikel BA, Yalçinkaya F. Familial Mediterranean fever-associated diseases in children. QJM. 2017; 110(5): 287-290.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[5]  Bouomrani S, Guermazi M. Multiple Sclerosis and Familial Mediterranean Fever: Myth or Reality?. Ann Mult Scler Res. 2019; 1(1): 1003.
In article      
 
[6]  Eguchi M, Miyashita T, Shirouzu H, Sato S, Izumi Y, Takeoka A, et al. Coexistence of polymyositis and familial Mediterranean fever. Mod Rheumatol. 2013; 23(2): 374-8.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[7]  Hofer MF, Rivier G, Guerne PA, Girardin E. La dermatomyosite juvénile: une maladie différente de la forme adulte? Rev Med Suisse. 2001; 3: 21264.
In article      
 
[8]  Pelkonen PM, Jalanko HJ, Lantto RK, Mäkelä AL, Pietikäinen MA, Savolainen HA, et al. Incidence of systemic connective tissue diseases in children: a nationwide prospective study in Finland. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21(11): 2143-6.
In article      
 
[9]  Bader-Meunier B, Gitiaux C, Belot A, Brochard K, Mouy R, Ponce D, et al. French expert opinion for the management of juvenile dermatomyositis. Arch Pediatr. 2019; 26(2): 120-125.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[10]  McCann LJ, Pain CE. A Practical Approach to Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Juvenile Scleroderma. Indian J Pediatr. 2016; 83(2): 163-71.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[11]  Estublier C, Stankovic Stojanovic K, Bergerot JF, Broussolle C, Sève P. Myositis in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever and spondyloarthritis successfully treated with anakinra. Joint Bone Spine. 2013; 80(6): 645-9.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[12]  Gdynia HJ, Sperfeld AD, Haerter G. Histologic signs of inflammatory myopathy in familial Mediterranean fever. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006; 12(5): 265-6.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[13]  Akl K, Rawashdeh MO. Isolated myositis as a sole presentation of familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Int. 2012; 32(10): 3321-2.
In article      View Article  PubMed
 
[14]  Tattevin P, Arondelle C, Margent P, Broucker De T. Neuromuscular complications of long-term treatment of inflammatory diseases. 3 cases. Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1999; 150(8): 594-7.
In article