Figure 1. Histogram analysis of the cell culture supernatant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with selective MAPK^p38 inhibition. (A) The levels of IL-1β in the presence or absence of LPS/SB203580. (B) The levels of IL-6 in the presence or absence of LPS/SB203580. (C) The levels of TNF-α in the presence or absence of LPS/SB203580, shown here for comparison purposes with interleukins, mainly IL-1β and IL-6 . The number of experimental observations is n = 3 – 5, for separate and independently prepared cell cultures of alveolar epithelial cells with or without pre-treatments with LPS/SB203580. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, as compared with LPS. ^ϕ P < 0.001 (LPS), as compared with control baseline

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The Irreversible Inhibition of the MAPK^p38 Pathway Downregulates LPS-augmented Release of Interleukin-Related Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6): Immune Surveillance Unraveling IκB-α/NF-κB Phosphorylation State-independent Mechanism in vitro

John J Haddad

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