Figure 5. The effect of ET and PAT pretreatment on IκB-α phosphorylation. (A), (B) PAT reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the phosphorylation of IκB-α, with maximal inhibitory effect at ICV concentration of 5 μg. This is consistent with restoration of IκB-α cytosolic accumulation (as shown in Figure 4). Neither PAT (1μg) nor PAT (25μg) alone showed any effect on the phosphorylation of IκB-α, but there is constitutive expression as compared with ET alone. β-Actin standard was used as an internal reference for semi-quantitative loading in parallel lanes for each variable (the β-actin for Lanes-1 and 2 [ICV ET] has not been reproduced in this experiment; however, it was shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2). n = 3 – 5, which represents the number of independent experiments in separate animals

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The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity of Thymulin Peptide is NF-κB-Dependent and Involves the Downregulation of IκB-α

John J. Haddad, Lama H. Hanbali

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