Figure 4. The effect of ET and PAT pretreatment on IκB-α. Regulated by an upstream kinase (IKK), IκB-α is phosphorylated prior to the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. ET induced the phosphorylation of IκB-α, thereby tagging it for proteasome degradation, hence its cytosolic concentration was decreased. (A), (B) PAT induced the cytosolic accumulation of IκB-α. PAT-mediated restoration of IκB-α cytosolic accumulation is, to an extent, dose-dependent. β-Actin standard was used as an internal reference for semi-quantitative loading in parallel lanes for each variable. n = 3 – 5, which represents the number of independent experiments in separate animals

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The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity of Thymulin Peptide is NF-κB-Dependent and Involves the Downregulation of IκB-α

John J. Haddad, Lama H. Hanbali

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