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Implementation of Tissue Histopathology and Parasitic Morphometric Analysis in the Diagnosis of Myxobolus Fomenai Infection in the Skeletal Muscles Nile Tilapia

Hebatallah Ahmed Mahgoub, Ahmed Elnaggar, Jean-Rémy Sadeyen

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. 2017, 5(4), 137-142 doi:10.12691/ajidm-5-4-3
  • Figure 1. Gross examination of Myxobolus fomenai-infected skeletal muscle of Nile tilapia. A: Ecchymotic haemorrhage is seen in the pectoral fin and the adjacent muscle, the caudal end of the dorsal fin, and the operculum (arrows). B: The ecchymotic haemorrhage is seen in the tail and the caudal end of the dorsal fin (arrows). C: Petechial spots are seen on the ventral aspect of Nile tilapia (arrows). D: Petechial spots are seen in the tail, the dorsal muscles, and the caudal end of dorsal and ventral fins (arrows)
  • Figure 2. Histopathology of Myxobolus fomenai-infected skeletal muscle. A: Focal replacement of the skeletal muscle fibres with Myxobolus fomenai species plasmodium containing spores and developmental stages with moderate inflammatory reaction caused by plasmodium rupture, accompanied with hyaline degeneration of the surrounding muscle fibres, myomalacia, and intermuscular oedema. B: High power of A to show Myxobolus fomenai species spores and developmental stages. C: Several spores were seen disintegrating the adjacent muscle fibres causing their lysis. Leukocytes are seen in the vicinity of the damaged muscle fibres. D: Ruptured plasmodium of Myxobolus fomenai species plasmodium containing spores and developmental stages, surrounded with leukocytes. E-F: Morphometric measurement of a spore (E) and its polar capsules (F), their length and width. Polar capsules were equal, pear-shaped and occupied about two-thirds of the spore. G: Hyaline degeneration of some muscle fibres and aggregation of intermuscular erythrocytes and leukocytes (oval shape). H: Several leukocytes are seen disintegrating a muscle fibre. I: Partially obliterated blood vessel, located in the skeletal muscle fibres, with erythrocytes and hyperplastic and vacuolar changes in its wall. The blood vessel is surrounded with several erythrocytes (haemorrhage) and brownish deposits of possible haemosiderin pigment (byproduct of erythrocyte lysis). There is also oedema recorded around the affected blood vessel. J: A micrograph of an intermuscular blood vessel showing diapedesis (liberation of eryhrocytes) from the damaged blood vessel endothelium (oval shapes). K: An intermuscular blood vessel showing congestion, accumulation of intravascular mononuclear cells and erythrocytes, and vascular wall damage. Perivascular oedema is noticed. L: An intermuscular accumulation of extravasated erythrocytes and suspected haemosiderin deposition (brownish pigment). M: An intermuscular accumulation of mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. (10X: A, scale bar = 50 μm. 40X: B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K, scale bar = 10 μm. 1= Muscle; 2= Myxobolus spores; 3= oedema; 4= erythrocytes; 5= leukocytes.)
  • Figure 3. Organ mRNA transcription of IL-8 and TNF-α. A: The chart represents mRNA transcription levels of IL-8 in muscle, fins, spleen, and head-kidney of control versus infected fish. B: The chart represents mRNA transcription levels of TNF-α in muscle, fins, spleen, and head-kidney of control versus infected groups. The results of each organ were analysed separately using student’s T-test. *= P < 0.05.