Figure 1. Uplift capacity function and the failure pattern by Kulhawy

From

Pull-out Resistance of Single Piles and Parametric Study using the Finite Difference Method (FDM)

Alex Otieno Owino, Zakaria Hossain, Jim Shiau

American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2018, 6(5), 193-198 doi:10.12691/ajcea-6-5-4