Figure 4. Lateral refraction b refracted Ω and non-refracted z zenith angle [10]

From

Improved Model of Refracted Horizontal Angle: Dependency on Zenith Angle

Mansoor Sabzali, Lloyd Pilgrim

American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023, 11(2), 38-44 doi:10.12691/ajcea-11-2-2