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From
Improved Model of Refracted Horizontal Angle: Dependency on Zenith Angle
Mansoor Sabzali, Lloyd Pilgrim
American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture
.
2023
, 11(2), 38-44 doi:10.12691/ajcea-11-2-2
Figure
1.
Horizontal and vertical refraction,
L
and
P
0
are corrected distance and position of point, but due to refraction
P
1
as the result of refracted range will be measured [5]
Full size figure and legend
Figure 2
.
Effects of horizontal refraction in the plane
X
and
Y,
r
ii
and
r
ik
are assumed to be the refracted horizontal angle [1]
Full size figure and legend
Figure 3
.
Refracted horizontal angle
dhr
and horizontal shift. Above: positive and below: negative refracted angle. The photos were modified by (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction)
Full size figure and legend
Figure 4.
Lateral refraction
b
refracted Ω and non-refracted
z
zenith angle [10]
Full size figure and legend
Figure 5
.
Refracted horizontal angle (
arcsecond/m
) w.r.t zenith angle (°). (i.e., zenith angle smaller and larger than 90° corresponds to above and below horizon, respectively)
Full size figure and legend
Figure 6
.
Refracted horizontal angle (
arcsec/m
) w.r.t pressure (
hPa
)
Full size figure and legend
Figure 7
.
Refracted horizontal angle (
arcsec/m
) w.r.t temperature (°C)
Full size figure and legend