Figure 1. Horizontal and vertical refraction, L and P0 are corrected distance and position of point, but due to refraction P1 as the result of refracted range will be measured [5]

From

Improved Model of Refracted Horizontal Angle: Dependency on Zenith Angle

Mansoor Sabzali, Lloyd Pilgrim

American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023, 11(2), 38-44 doi:10.12691/ajcea-11-2-2