Figures index

From

Mapping the Geographical Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the Epidemic Hotspot Regions of India: A Step towards the Vector Control and Sustainable Health

M. Palaniyandi, T. Sharmila, P. Manivel, P Thirumalai, PH Anand

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2020, 8(6), 428-440 doi:10.12691/aees-8-6-15
  • Figure 1. Dengue Epidemic States of India with >1000 confirmed reported cases in the states, during 2016
  • Figure 2a. District wise Dengue Epidemic in India, 2016, Source: NVBDCP, New Delhi
  • Figure 2b. District wise Chikungunya Epidemic in India, 2016, Source: NVBDCP, New Delhi
  • Figure 2c. Dengue Epidemic states in India, 2016, Source: NVBDCP, New Delhi
  • Figure 2d. Chikungunya Epidemic in India, 2017 and 2018. Source: NVBDCP, New Delhi
  • Figure 3(a). Altitude map of Tamil Nadu, India, dengue and chikungunya vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) distribution, and density is highly associated with different physiographic landscape features and altitudes, vector mosquitoes’ high density, moderate density and low density was attained where the areas <150 M, 150-300 M, and 300M-600M from the MSL respectively, and >.600M hilly areas has no risk
  • Figure 3(b). Altitude map of Kerala State, dengue vector (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) distribution, and density is highly associated with different physiographic landscape features and altitudes, vector mosquitoes’ high density, moderate density (blue and grey colour), and low density (red colour) was attained where the areas <150M, 150-300M, and 300 M-600M from the MSL respectively, and >.600M hilly areas has no risk
  • Figure 4a. The occurrences of Dengue and Chikungunya Epidemics in the hot spot regions of India having elevation zones < 500 Meters. (Map source: Sudhakar Reddy C., et al., 2015, NRSC, India).
  • Figure 4b. The occurrences of Dengue and Chikungunya Epidemics and Aedes species vector population has highly associated with Land Use / Land Cover categories of Crop land and Plantations, and Built-up-land
  • Figure 5a. The geographical distribution of Dengue and Chikungunya vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and vector density are spatially associated with the areas where it receives the monsoon rainfall 500mm-1000 mm and followed by moderately associated with rainfall 1000mm-3000 mm (Map source: Sudhakar Reddy C., et al., 2015, NRSC)
  • Figure 5b. Mean monthly rainfall and Dengue and Chikungunya vector mosquitoes density
  • Figure 6(a) and 6(b). Probability Map: The geographical distribution of dengue and chikungunya vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the Indian Sub-Continent, red colour indicate high density, yellow colour indicate moderately density, blue colour indicate low density, Map source: Kraemer, et al., -Global Distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. Albopictus, eLife2015; DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08347.009
  • Figure 7. Probability of dengue and chikungunya epidemics transmission risk pattern in India, raster map derived, based on the probability of risk index value range between 0-1 assigned for each grid cell (10KM X 10KM) based on the Aedes vector population occurrences in association with geo-environmental variables