Keywords: Gamma function, q-Gamma function, k-Gamma function, (p,q)-Gamma function, (q,k)-Gamma function, inequality
Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, 2014 2 (6),
pp 226-229.
DOI: 10.12691/tjant-2-6-7
Received October 10, 2014; Revised November 26, 2014; Accepted December 14, 2014
Copyright © 2013 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved.
1. Introduction
We begin by outlining the following basic definitions well-known in literature.
The celebrated classical Euler’s Gamma function,
is defined for
as
The q-Gamma function,
is defined for
and
as (see [2])
Also, the k-Gamma function,
was defined by Diaz and Pariguan [1] for
and
as
Diaz and Teruel [5] further defined the (q,k)-Gamma function
for
,
and
as
where
is the k-generalized Pochhammer symbol.
Furthermore, Krasniqi and Merovci [4] defined the (p,q)-Gamma function
for
,
and
as
where
The psi function,
otherwise known as the digamma function is defined as the logarithmic derivative of the Gamma function. That is,
The q-digamma function, k-digamma function, (p,q)-diagamma function and (q,k)-digamma function are similarly defined as follows:
and
It is common knowledge that these functions exhibit the following series charaterizations (see also [7-12][7]):
 | (1) |
 | (2) |
 | (3) |
 | (4) |
where
represents the Euler-Mascheroni’s constant.
Of late, the following double inequalities were presented in [7] by the use of some monotonicity properties of some functions related with the Gamma function.
 | (5) |
for
,
,
and
.
 | (6) |
for
,
,
and
.
 | (7) |
for
,
,
,
and
.
 | (8) |
for
,
,
and
.
Results of this form can also be found in [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. By utilizing similar techniques as in the previous results, this paper seeks to provide some generalizations of the above inequalities. We present our results in the following sections.
2. Supporting Results
We begin with the following Lemmas.
Lemma 2.1. Suppose that
,
,
,
,
and
. Then,
Proof. From the characterization in equations (1) and (3) we obtain,
We conclude the proof by substituting
by
.
Lemma 2.2. Suppose that
,
,
,
,
and
. Then,
Proof. From the characterization in equations (1) and (4) we obtain,
We conclude the proof by substituting
by
.
Lemma 2.3. Suppose that
,
,
,
,
,
and
. Then,
Proof. From the characterization in equations (2) and (3) we obtain,
We conclude the proof by substituting
by
.
Lemma 2.4. Suppose that
,
,
,
,
and
. Then,
Proof. From the characterization in equations (2) and (4) we obtain,
We conclude the proof by substituting
by
.
3. Main Results
We now present our results in the following Theorems.
Theorem 3.1. Define a function
for
and
by
 | (9) |
where
,
,
,
are positive real numbers such that
. Then,
is non-increasing on
and the inequalities:
 | (10) |
are valid for each
.
Proof. Let
for every
. Then
Then,
as a result of Lemma 2.1. That implies
is non-increasing on
. Consequently,
is non-increasing on
and for each
we have,
yielding equation (10).
Theorem 3.2. Define a function
for
and
by
 | (11) |
where
,
,
,
are positive real numbers such that
. Then,
is non-increasing on
and the inequalities:
 | (12) |
are valid for each
.
Proof. Let
for every
. Then
Then,
as a result of Lemma 2.2. That implies
is non-increasing on
. Consequently,
is non-increasing on
and for each
we have,
yielding equation (12).
Theorem 3.3. Define a function
for
,
,
and
by
 | (13) |
where
,
,
,
are positive real numbers. Then,
is increasing on
and the inequalities:
 | (14) |
are valid for each
.
Proof. Let
for every
. Then
Then,
as a result of Lemma 2.3. That implies
is non-increasing on
. Consequently,
is non-increasing on
and for each
we have,
yielding equation (14).
Theorem 3.4. Define a function
for
,
and
by
 | (15) |
where
,
,
,
are positive real numbers. Then,
is increasing on
and the inequalities:
 | (16) |
are valid for each
.
Proof. Let
for every
. Then
Then,
as a result of Lemma 2.4. That implies
is non-increasing on
. Consequently,
is non-increasing on
and for each
we have,
yielding equation (16).
4. Conclusion
If we fix
in inequalities (10), (12), (14) and (16), then we respectively obtain the inequalities (5), (6), (7) and (8) as special cases. By this, the previous results [7] have been generalized.
Competing Interests
The authors have no competing interests.
References
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| |
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