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1.

Aircraft Observation of Aerosol and Cloud-droplet Properties over the East China Sea Influenced by the Outflow of Asian Polluted Air Deepak Aryal, Yutaka Ishizaka, Kikuo Okada Journal of Atmospheric Pollution. 2015 3 (1). doi: 10.12691/jap-3-1-5 Keywords: East China Sea, Size distribution, Cloud droplet, Biomass burning, single particle analysis Context: Airborne measurements of aerosol particles and cloud microstructures were made over the ocean around the south of Kyushu Islands of Japan during the Asian Atmospheric Particulate Environmental Change Experiment 3/Asia Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (APEX-E3/ACE-Asia) during the period of 17 March to 13 April 2003. Results demonstrated that polluted air from the Asia continent could penetrate several hundreds of kilometers over the oceans and clouds forming in that air had significantly altered microphysical properties. Based on the number concentration of aerosol particles with diameters between 0.3 and 5 μm, two cases were investigated: 22 March 2003 was termed a "clean" case and 12 April 2003 as a "polluted" case. Single particle analysis of particles was also carried out by electron microscopy. The particles in the polluted marine boundary layer were characterized by the presence of sulfate particles with traces of potassium and heavy metals. The cloud droplets in the polluted marine boundary layer exhibited larger number concentrations than those in the clean boundary layer, along with the decrease in the droplet size. Present study demonstrated that polluted air from the Asia continent could penetrate several hundreds of kilometers over the oceans and clouds forming in that air had significantly altered microphysical properties. Abstract Full Text (PDF) [Epub] Full Text (HTML)

2.

Changes in Soil Properties under Plantation of Multipurpose Trees Species in different Ecosystems of Jharkhand, India B.C. Oraon, M.S. Malik, Arvind Bijalwan Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2014 2 (5). doi: 10.12691/aees-2-5-1 Keywords: soil properties, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, Biomass production, available potassium, Acacia auriculiformis, Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus hybrid, energy plantation Context: A study was carried out in soil properties of the plantation area under different Multipurpose Tree species (MPTs) namely Acacia auriculiformis A.cum (ex Benth), Cassia siamea lam and Eucalyptus hybrid in three different agro climatic zone of Jharkhand state of India during 2007-2011 to check the quality of soil improvement and enrichment of soil under multipurpose tree species plantation. Soil samples were collected from different location i.e. Deoghar district in sub zone IV (Central North Eastern Plateau), Ranchi district in sub zone V (Western Plateau) and East Singhbhum district in sub zone VI (South Eastern Plateau) of Jharkhand, India. The soils of the experimental area were acidic in nature, low organic carbon; light textured having low water and nutrient capacity. The seedling was planted during July 2007 at a spacing of 1mx1m. The soil samples were collected initially before the plantation and also after plantation when plantation reached the age of four years. On the basis of results obtained maximum pH was observed in the field of Acacia auriculiformis (5.78) followed by Cassia siamea and Eucalyptus hybrid. Among the agro-climatic zones highest pH was observed in sub zone V as compared to other two zones. Organic Carbon content (%) found maximum in the field of Cassia siamea (0.53%) followed by Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus hybrid. Available nitrogen was found maximum in the field of Cassia siamea (307.44kg/ha) followed by Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus hybrid, whereas maximum available Phosphorus and potassium were observed in the field of Acacia auriculiformis (17.27 and 162.97 kg/ha) followed by Eucalyptus hybrid and Cassia siamea. The value of available nitrogen in soil was in the order Eucalyptus hybrid> Acacia auriculiformis> Cassia siamea whereas available phosphorus and Potassium in soil were in the order of Eucalyptus hybrid> Cassia siamea> Acacia auriculiformis. Abstract Full Text (PDF) [Epub] Full Text (HTML)

3.

Hydrogen Energy as Advance Renewable Resource Krishna Kumar, Omprakash Sahu Sustainable Energy. 2013 1 (2). doi: 10.12691/rse-1-2-4 Keywords: Biomass , carbon dioxide, Methane, process, utilization Context: Reducing the demand on fossil resources remains a significant concern for many nations. Renewable-based processes like solar- or wind-driven electrolysis and photo biological water splitting hold great promise for clean hydrogen production; however, advances must still be made before these technologies can be economically competitive. Approximately 95% of the hydrogen produced today comes from carbonaceous raw material, primarily fossil in origin. Only a fraction of this hydrogen is currently used for energy purposes; the bulk serves as a chemical feedstock for petrochemical, food, electronics and metallurgical processing industries. However, hydrogen’s share in the energy market is increasing with the implementation of fuel cell systems and the growing demand for zero-emission fuels. Hydrogen production will need to keep pace with this growing market. In this regard’s an effort has been made to study of hydrogen as new renewable energy resources. Abstract Full Text (PDF) [Epub] Full Text (HTML)

4.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolitic Material Derived from Sugarcane Straw Ash Denise A. Fungaro, Thais V. S. Reis, Marco Antonio Logli, Nara A. Oliveira American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014 2 (1). doi: 10.12691/env-2-1-4 Keywords: Biomass ash, sugarcane straw, zeolite, fusion method Context: Sugarcane straw ash (SCSA), an agricultural waste of sugar industry with disposal problems, was utilized as a source for the synthesis of zeolitic material. Zeolitic material was synthesized by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The effect of crystallization time was studied and the conditions optimized. The materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques, particle size analyzer, TG /DSC and nitrogen physisorption. The presence of zeolite NaP1 in adsorbent confirms successful conversion of native SCSA into zeolitic material. The physico-chemical properties of SCSA and zeolitic material were compared. The particle size distribution of zeolitic material was in the range of 0.796 – 399 µm and nitrogen adsorption indicated a surface area around 350 m2 g-1. Zeolitic material from sugarcane straw ash was examined by removal of Crystal violet from aqueous solution. Abstract Full Text (PDF) [Epub] Full Text (HTML)

5.

Research and Investigate of Renewable Energy in Afghanistan Chamanshah Alamy, Mohammad Ali Sultani International Journal of Physics. 2021 9 (4). doi: 10.12691/ijp-9-4-3 Keywords: energy, renewable energy, fossil fuels, geothermal energy, Biomass energy Context: About 78% to 80% of power energy imported from neighboring countries in Afghanistan. Roughly 70% of the population don’t have access to electricity, and 90% of those without electricity live in rural areas. reduction of energy resources, increasing use of fossil fuels and unrefined coal for home heating, cooking is a major problem in the world and even a serious challenge to environmental pollution specially for whom who lives in Afghanistan. In this research we have introduce new sources of energy, which is renewable energy, as an alternative to fossil energy. Nowadays, due to the gradual reduction of fossil energy sources and increase of air pollution and environmental damages has forced scientists to look for a sustainable and clean energy to be cheap and economically and be friendly with environment. This research shows that renewable energy is more appropriate compared to the fossil fuels in order to decrease air pollution and would be economically for people. Abstract Full Text (PDF) [Epub] Full Text (HTML)