Introduction: Regular participation in physical activity (PA) can prevent chronic disease and mental illness across the lifespan and during later adulthood. Few PA interventions have been implemented in underserved Filipino American women to address health related outcomes among this population. Purpose: This study assessed the effect of a culturally relevant community-based Zumba® program on anthropometrics, physical fitness, and exercise motivation among midlife Filipino women. Methods: We employed a single-group pretest-posttest design. Twenty-one female participants were recruited from Filipino community-based organizations (CBOs) in the Greater Philadelphia region. Sixteen female participants (N=16, M age = 55.88, SD = ± 9.479) completed the 8-week program, which consisted of attending three Zumba classes per week at the Filipino CBOs, which was led by a certified Zumba instructor of Filipino ethnicity. A paired samples t-test was conducted to detect the differences between the pre-and post-outcome measures. Results: A total of 16 out of 21 participants completed the intervention and the post-intervention assessment (76% retention rate). Adherence to the Zumba classes was 42.46% among participants who completed the post-intervention. With regards to pre- and post- primary outcome measures, there was a significant reduction in body weight (-3.18±2.61 lbs., p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (-0.44±0.49 kg/m2, p = 0.002), and increase in flexibility (1.93±3.22 cm, p = 0.035) among participants. There were no statistically significant differences in exercise motivation inventory (EMI-2) subscales, except affiliation scores increased among participants overall (-0.750±1.38, p = 0.047). Discussion: The incorporation of this community-based program can be a promising approach for potentially enhancing health outcomes for underserved Asian American populations such as Filipino Americans. Future research can examine the long-term impacts of Zumba and other exercise modalities for chronic disease prevention and management.
| [1] | CDC. (2015). Physical Activity Basics. Physical Activity Basics. Retrieved November 12, 2016, from https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/index.htmView Article |
| [2] | Albright, C. L., Steffen, A. D., Novotny, R., Nigg, C. R., Wilkens, L. R., Saiki, K., … Brown, W. J. (2012). Baseline Results from Hawaii’s Nā Mikiniiki Project: A Physical Activity Intervention Tailored to Multiethnic Postpartum Women. Women & Health, 52(3), 265-291.View Article PubMed |
| [3] | Li, J., & Siegrist, J. (2012). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease--a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(2), 391-407.View Article PubMed |
| [4] | Durstine, J. L., Gordon, B., Wang, Z., & Luo, X. (2013). Chronic disease and the link to physical activity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2(1), 3-11.View Article |
| [5] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, September 27). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity. Data, Trend and Maps. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/data-trends-maps/index.html.View Article |
| [6] | Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(2), 1143-1211. PubMed PubMed |
| [7] | Carlin, A., Perchoux, C., Puggina, A., Aleksovska, K., Buck, C., Burns, C., … Boccia, S. (2017). A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behavior: A “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review. PloS One, 12(8), e0182083.View Article PubMed |
| [8] | Angosta, A. D., & Serafica, R. (2017). Assessing Physical Activity Levels in Filipino Americans With Hypertension Using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 29(2), 91-95.View Article |
| [9] | Belza, B., Walwick, J., Shiu-Thornton, S., Schwartz, S., Taylor, M., & LoGerfo, J. (2004). Older adult perspectives on physical activity and exercise: voices from multiple cultures. Preventing Chronic Disease, 1(4), A09. PubMed PubMed |
| [10] | Afable-Munsuz, A., Ponce, N. A., Rodriguez, M., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (2010). Immigrant generation and physical activity among Mexican, Chinese & Filipino adults in the U.S. Social Science & Medicine, 70(12), 1997-2005.View Article PubMed |
| [11] | Araneta, M. R., & Tanori, D. (2015). Benefits of Zumba Fitness® among sedentary adults with components of the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 55(10), 1227-1233. PubMed |
| [12] | Kao, D., Carvalho Gulati, A., & Lee, R. E. (2016). Physical Activity Among Asian American Adults in Houston, Texas: Data from the Health of Houston Survey 2010. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(6), 1470-1481.View Article PubMed |
| [13] | Kao, D., Gulati, A. C., & Lee, R. E. (2016). Physical Activity Among Asian American Adults in Houston, Texas: Data from the Health of Houston Survey 2010. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(6), 1470-1481.View Article PubMed |
| [14] | Palaniappan, L. P., Araneta, M. R. G., Assimes, T. L., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Carnethon, M. R., Criqui, M. H., … Wong, N. D. (2010). Call to Action: Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Americans A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 122(12), 1242-1252.View Article PubMed |
| [15] | Becerra, M. B., Herring, P., Marshak, H. H., & Banta, J. E. (2015). Social Determinants of Physical Activity Among Adult Asian-Americans: Results from a Population-Based Survey in California. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(4), 1061-1069.View Article PubMed |
| [16] | Yi, S. S., Roberts, C., Lightstone, A. S., Shih, M., & Trinh-Shevrin, C. (2015). Disparities in meeting physical activity guidelines for Asian Americans in two metropolitan areas in the United States. Annals of epidemiology, 25(9), 656-660.e2.View Article PubMed |
| [17] | Largest U.S. Immigrant Groups over Time, 1960-Present. (2013, October 2). migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved May 4, 2017, from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/largest-immigrant-groups-over-time.View Article |
| [18] | Bhimla, A., Yap, L., Lee, M., Seals, B., Aczon, H., & Ma, G. X. (2017). Addressing the Health Needs of High-Risk Filipino Americans in the Greater Philadelphia Region. Journal of Community Health, 42(2), 269-277.View Article PubMed |
| [19] | Ceria-Ulep, C. D., Serafica, R. C., & Tse, A. (2011). Filipino Older Adults’ Beliefs About Exercise Activity. Nursing Forum, 46(4), 240-250.View Article PubMed |
| [20] | Kandula, N. R., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2005). Leisure Time, Non-leisure Time, and Occupational Physical Activity in Asian Americans. Annals of Epidemiology, 15(4), 257-265.View Article PubMed |
| [21] | Staimez, L. R., Weber, M. B., Narayan, K. M. V., & Oza-Frank, R. (2013). A systematic review of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes among Asian American subgroups. Current Diabetes Reviews, 9(4), 312-331.View Article PubMed |
| [22] | Vargas, P., & Jurado, L.-F. (2015). Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Americans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(1), 16.View Article PubMed |
| [23] | Ursua, R. A., Islam, N. S., Aguilar, D. E., Wyatt, L. C., Tandon, S. D., Abesamis-Mendoza, N., … Trinh-Shevrin, C. (2013). Predictors of Hypertension Among Filipino Immigrants in the Northeast US. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 847-855.View Article PubMed |
| [24] | Bayog, M. L., & Waters, C. M. (2017). Cardiometabolic risks, lifestyle health behaviors and heart disease in Filipino Americans. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(6), 522-529.View Article PubMed |
| [25] | Langenberg, C., Araneta, M. R. G., Bergstrom, J., Marmot, M., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2007). Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease in Filipino-American Women: Role of Growth and Life-Course Socioeconomic Factors. Diabetes care, 30(3), 535-541.View Article PubMed |
| [26] | Ryan, C., Shaw, R., Pliam, M., Zapolanski, A. J., Murphy, M., Valle, H. V., & Myler, R. (2000). Coronary heart disease in Filipino and Filipino-American patients: prevalence of risk factors and outcomes of treatment. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology, 12(3), 134-139. PubMed |
| [27] | Choi, S. E., Liu, M., Palaniappan, L. P., Wang, E. J., & Wong, N. D. (2013). Gender and ethnic differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Asian subgroups in California. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 27(5), 429-435.View Article PubMed |
| [28] | Maxwell, A. E., Bastani, R., Vida, P., & Warda, U. S. (2002). Physical activity among older Filipino-American women. Women and Health, 36(1), 67-79.View Article PubMed |
| [29] | Kaholokula, J. K., Look, M., Mabellos, T., Zhang, G., de Silva, M., Yoshimura, S., … Sinclair, K. A. (2017). Cultural Dance Program Improves Hypertension Management for Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders: a Pilot Randomized Trial. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4(1), 35-46.View Article PubMed |
| [30] | Kim, M. T., Han, H.-R., Song, H.-J., Lee, J.-E., Kim, J., Ryu, J. P., & Kim, K. B. (2009). A community-based, culturally tailored behavioral intervention for Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 35(6), 986-994.View Article PubMed |
| [31] | Nam, S., Janson, S. L., Stotts, N. A., Chesla, C., & Kroon, L. (2012). Effect of Culturally Tailored Diabetes Education in Ethnic Minorities With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 27(6), 505-518.View Article PubMed |
| [32] | Katigbak, C., Flaherty, E., Chao, Y.-Y., Nguyen, T., Cheung, D., & Yiu-Cho Kwan, R. (2018). A Systematic Review of Culturally Specific Interventions to Increase Physical Activity for Older Asian Americans. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.View Article PubMed |
| [33] | Tomioka, M., Braun, K. L., Cook, V. A., Compton, M., & Wertin, K. (2014). Improving behavioral and clinical indicators in Asians and Pacific Islanders with diabetes: Findings from a community clinic-based program. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 104(2), 220-225.View Article PubMed |
| [34] | Barbara A. Israel, Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker, & Becker, and A. B. (1998). REVIEW OF COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19(1), 173-202.View Article PubMed |
| [35] | Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (2008). Community-Based Participatory Research for Health. Presented at the Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/critical-issues-in-developing-and-following-community-based-parti-3.View Article |
| [36] | McAllister, C. L., Green, B. L., Terry, M. A., Herman, V., & Mulvey, L. (2003). Parents, practitioners, and researchers: community-based participatory research with early head start. American Journal of Public Health, 93(10), 1672-1679.View Article PubMed |
| [37] | Stannard, S., Vaughan, C., Swift, O., Robinson, G., Altaf, S. A., & McGarry, A. (2015). Women seafarers’ health and welfare survey. International Maritime Health, 66(3), 123-138.View Article PubMed |
| [38] | dela Cruz, F. A., Padilla, G. V., & Butts, E. (1998). Validating a short acculturation scale for Filipino-Americans. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 10(10), 453-460.View Article |
| [39] | Wells, K. F., & Dillon, E. K. (1952). The Sit and Reach-A Test of Back and Leg Flexibility. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 23(1), 115-118.View Article |
| [40] | Kline, G. M., Porcari, J. P., Hintermeister, R., Freedson, P. S., Ward, A., McCarron, R. F., … Rippe, J. M. (1987). Estimation of VO2max from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19(3), 253-259.View Article PubMed |
| [41] | Fenstermaker, K. L., Plowman, S. A., & Looney, M. A. (1992). Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test in females 65 years and older. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(3), 322-327.View Article PubMed |
| [42] | Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (1997). The measurement of exercise motives: Factorial validity and invariance across gender of a revised Exercise Motivations Inventory. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2(4), 361-376.View Article |
| [43] | Mayo Clinic. (2017). What is Zumba? Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 8, 2017, from http://mayoclinic.org.View Article |
| [44] | Delextrat, A., Bateman, J., Esser, P., Targen, N., & Dawes, H. (2016). The potential benefits of Zumba Gold(®) in people with mild-to-moderate Parkinson’s: Feasibility and effects of dance styles and number of sessions. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 27, 68-73.View Article PubMed |
| [45] | Domene, P. A., Moir, H. J., Pummell, E., Knox, A., & Easton, C. (2016). The health-enhancing efficacy of Zumba® fitness: An 8-week randomised controlled study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(15), 1396-1404.View Article PubMed |
| [46] | Rossmeissl, A., Lenk, S., Hanssen, H., Donath, L., Schmidt-Trucksäss, A., & Schäfer, J. (2016). ZumBeat: Evaluation of a Zumba Dance Intervention in Postmenopausal Overweight Women. Sports, 4(1), 5.View Article PubMed |
| [47] | Vendramin, B., Bergamin, M., Gobbo, S., Cugusi, L., Duregon, F., Bullo, V., … Ermolao, A. (2016). Health Benefits of Zumba Fitness Training: A Systematic Review. PM&R, 8(12), 1181-1200.View Article PubMed |
| [48] | Fan, J. X., Kowaleski-Jones, L., & Wen, M. (2013). Walking or dancing: patterns of physical activity by cross-sectional age among U.S. women. Journal of Aging and Health, 25(7), 1182-1203.View Article PubMed |
| [49] | Cugusi, L., Wilson, B., Serpe, R., Medda, A., Deidda, M., Gabba, S., … Working Group of Gender Cardiovascular Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology. (2016). Cardiovascular effects, body composition, quality of life and pain after a Zumba fitness program in Italian overweight women. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 56(3), 328-335. PubMed |
| [50] | Krishnan, S., Tokar, T. N., Boylan, M. M., Griffin, K., Feng, D., Mcmurry, L., … Cooper, J. A. (2015). Zumba® dance improves health in overweight/obese or type 2 diabetic women. American Journal of Health Behavior, 39(1), 109-120.View Article PubMed |
| [51] | Giffard-Foret, P. (2013). Asian women at work: Interview with Lina Cabaero, Coordinator of Asian women at work. Australian Options, (72), 25. |
| [52] | Nieri, T., & Hughes, E. (2016). All about Having Fun: Women’s Experience of Zumba Fitness. Sociology of Sport Journal, 33(2), 135-145.View Article |
| [53] | Kendall, K. L., & Fairman, C. M. (2014). Women and exercise in aging. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3(3), 170-178.View Article |
